我国震后桥梁快速评估技术研究现状
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摘要
汶川地震暴露了我国在震后桥梁快速评估及应急处治技术方面的隐忧。通过借鉴美、日震后桥梁快速评估技术,总结汶川地震应急的经验和教训,研究提出了我国震后桥梁快速评估技术体系的雏形,包括震后桥梁应急的阶段划分、评估流程及评估要点等。震后桥梁应急的阶段划分为紧急调查与紧急处治(抢通阶段)、应急评估与应急处治(保通阶段)和安全检测与恢复重建(重建阶段)3个主要阶段。紧急调查是在短期内对受地震影响的桥梁进行快速筛选,了解是否有危及桥梁安全的重大损伤或其他重大灾情;应急评估的目的是进一步了解震害桥梁的安全性(相对安全性),以便尽早实施应急处治措施。应急评估依据震害损伤对桥梁承载能力及通行能力的影响程度,将震灾损伤分为Ⅰ—Ⅲ级。此外,还讨论了我国震后桥梁应急评估技术研究的未来突破方向。
Earthquake is one of the major natural disasters that China facing.After earthquake,rapid assessment of earthquake damage to bridges are important work and key link of earthquake emergency response,and Wenchuan Earthquake exposed China's worries in this regard.Via referencing the rapid assessment techniques for post-earthquake bridges in the United States and Japan,summarizing the experiences and lessons learned from Wenchuan Earthquake,we proposed a prototype system of these techniques in China,which includes stages of post-earthquake emergency response,evaluation process and main points of assessment.Stages of post-earthquake emergency response include urgent investigation and treatment(reopening phase),emergency assessment and treatment(passage protection phase),and safety inspection and reconstruction(reconstruction phase).Urgent investigation is to conduct a quick screening to the bridges affected by the earthquake,to see if there is significant damage to endanger the safety of bridges or other major disaster.The purpose of emergency assessment is to further understand the safety(relative safety)of the seismic damaged bridges,so that we could implement emergency treatment measures early.Based on the earthquake impact on the bearing and traffic capacity of bridge,we divided the bridge earthquake damage into 3 grades(Ⅰ-Ⅲ).In addition,we discussed the research direction of the techniques in the future.
Earthquake is one of the major natural disasters that China facing.After earthquake,rapid assessment of earthquake damage to bridges are important work and key link of earthquake emergency response,and Wenchuan Earthquake exposed China's worries in this regard.Via referencing the rapid assessment techniques for post-earthquake bridges in the United States and Japan,summarizing the experiences and lessons learned from Wenchuan Earthquake,we proposed a prototype system of these techniques in China,which includes stages of post-earthquake emergency response,evaluation process and main points of assessment.Stages of post-earthquake emergency response include urgent investigation and treatment(reopening phase),emergency assessment and treatment(passage protection phase),and safety inspection and reconstruction(reconstruction phase).Urgent investigation is to conduct a quick screening to the bridges affected by the earthquake,to see if there is significant damage to endanger the safety of bridges or other major disaster.The purpose of emergency assessment is to further understand the safety(relative safety)of the seismic damaged bridges,so that we could implement emergency treatment measures early.Based on the earthquake impact on the bearing and traffic capacity of bridge,we divided the bridge earthquake damage into 3 grades(Ⅰ-Ⅲ).In addition,we discussed the research direction of the techniques in the future.
引文
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[2]Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency.Hazus_Mr4Earthquake Tech Manual[M].Washington,D.C.:Federal Emergency Management Agency,2003.
[3]REEDD A,WANG Jingye.An Emergency Response Plan for Bridge Management[M].Olympia,Washington,D.C.:Washington State Department of Transportation,1993.
[4]University of Kentucky.Post-earthquake Investigation Field Manual for the State of Kentucky[R].Lexington,Kentucky:Kentucky Transportation Center,2006.
[5]Washington State Transportation Center(TRAC),University of Washington.Proposed Post-earthquake Bridge Inspection Procedures for New York State[R].Washington,D.C.:New York State Department of Transportation,2010.
[6]Purdue University.Field Guide for the Post-earthquake Safety Evaluation of Bridges and Roads[R].West Lafayette,Indiana:Indiana Department of Transportation,2000.
[7]高洪.日本的灾难预警与早期评估系统[N].中国社会科学院院报,2008-08-07.GAO Hong,Japan's Disaster Early Warning and Assessment System[N].Journal of Chinese Academy of Social,2008-08-07.
[8]日本道路协会.道路震灾对策便览(震灾复旧篇)[M].東京:丸善株式會社,2006.Highway Association of Japan.Brief Guide of Highway Earthquake Countermeasures(Post-earthquake Emergency Treatment)[M].Tokyo.Maruzen Co.,Ltd.2006.
[9]GTB18208.3—2000,地震现场工作第3部分调查规范[S].GTB18208.3—2000,Post-earthquake Field Works—Part 3:Code for Field Survey[S].
[10]中华人民共和国交通运输部,四川省交通厅,等.汶川地震公路震害图集[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2009.P.R.C.Ministry of Transport,Sichuan Provincial Communications Department,et al.Atlas of Seismic Damages of Highway in Wenchuan Earthquake[M].China Communications Press,2009.
[11]2006,国家地震应急预案[S].2006,National Earthquake Emergency Preplan[S].
[12]2008年修订,中华人民共和国防震减灾法[S].2008Revision,The Law of the People's Republic of China on Protecting against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters[S].
[13]震后桥梁快速诊断及补强手册[M].桃园县中坜市:(台湾)国立中央大学,1999.Rapid Assessment and Treatment Manual of Post-earthquake Bridge[M].Chungli City,Taoyuan County:(Taiwan)National Central University,1999.
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