地下爆炸的地表运动研究
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摘要
将整个地下爆炸破坏区看成爆炸地震波的震动源,根据爆炸等效荷载理论和爆炸近区破坏理论,得到用速度表达的空腔边界荷载。提出地下爆炸震源的简化计算模型,将地下爆炸的地表响应转化为弹性半空间内球面膨胀波的传播和反射问题。运用不完全分离变量法的理论计算爆炸地震波在半空间内传播,得到地表质点响应的运动场。以数值计算为基础,定量分析地下爆炸的地表运动,得到地表最大质点速度的指数衰减规律。与国内外试验得到的经验公式进行对比,验证该计算方法的正确性。
The whole underground explosive destruction area is regarded as a seismic source of blast seismic wave.Based on the theory of explosive equivalent load and the destruction theory of area near explosion,the boundary loads on cavity are denoted by velocity of particle.A simplified calculation model of seismic source of underground explosion is presented.The ground response to underground explosion is transformed into the problem about propagation and reflection of spherical dilatation wave in elastic half-space.The propagation of explosive seismic wave in half-space is calculated by applying incomplete separation variable method,so the movement fields of response of ground particles are received.Based on numerical calculation,ground movement of underground explosions are analyzed quantatively showing that the maximum velocity of ground particles is subjected to exponential decay laws.Compared with empirical formulae from experiments at home and abroad,the calculation method is proved to be correct.
The whole underground explosive destruction area is regarded as a seismic source of blast seismic wave.Based on the theory of explosive equivalent load and the destruction theory of area near explosion,the boundary loads on cavity are denoted by velocity of particle.A simplified calculation model of seismic source of underground explosion is presented.The ground response to underground explosion is transformed into the problem about propagation and reflection of spherical dilatation wave in elastic half-space.The propagation of explosive seismic wave in half-space is calculated by applying incomplete separation variable method,so the movement fields of response of ground particles are received.Based on numerical calculation,ground movement of underground explosions are analyzed quantatively showing that the maximum velocity of ground particles is subjected to exponential decay laws.Compared with empirical formulae from experiments at home and abroad,the calculation method is proved to be correct.
引文
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[2]ZEL′MANOV I L,KOLKOV O S,TIKHOMIROV A M,et al.Motion of sandy soil following an underground explosion[J].Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva,1968,4(1):116–121.
[3]VOVK A A,MIKHALYUK A V,BELINSKII I B.Formation of an underground cavity by a contained explosion in an isotropic rock massif[J].Prikladnaya Mekhanika,1974,10(9):53–59.
[4]KUZNETSOV V M,SHATSUKEVICH A F.Source parameters and efficiency of underground explosions[J].Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva,1983,19(6):58–65.
[5]BYKOVTSEV A S,KRAMAROVSKII D B.Evaluation of the seismic effect of an underground explosion[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,1994,35(6):3–11.
[6]BLINOV I M,VAKHRAMEEV Y S.A microexplosion technique for modeling large-scale ejection explosions[J].Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva,1994,30(2):102–109.
[7]林大超,白春华,张奇.爆炸地震地面竖向振动的幅值特性[J].北京理工大学学报,2001,21(2):173–176.(LIN Dachao,BAI Chunhua,ZHANG Qi.Amplitude characteristics of vertical ground surface vibration caused by explosion seism[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2001,21(2):173–176.(in Chinese))
[8]LEE I M.Transient ground motion in an elastic homogeneous half space to blasting loading[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1996,15(1):151–159.
[9]МАРКОВАКИ,ЩЕМЯКЦНЕИ.Раслространениенестационарныхвозмущенийвслоежидкости,находящемсявконтактесупругимполупространством[J].ПММ,1957,(1):57–66.
[10]ОНЦСЬКОНИ,ЩЕМЯКЦНЕИ.Движениесвободнойповерхностиоднородногогрунтаприподземномвзрыве[J].ПМТФ,1961,(4):82–93.
[11]НИНИФОРОВСКИЙВС,ШЕМЯКИНЕИ.Динамическоеразрушениетвердыхтел[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1979.
[12]丁桦,郑敏哲.爆破震动等效载荷模型[J].中国科学(E辑),2003,33(1):82–90.(DING Hua,ZHENG Minzhe.Model of equivalent loading for blasting vibration[J].Science in China(Series E),2003,33(1):82–90.(in Chinese))
[13]SHARPE J A.The production of elastic waves by explosion pressure[J].Geophysics,1942,7:144–154.
[14]王剑飞,武文军,李红星,等.美军航母战斗群空袭火力对地攻击效能分析[J].现代防御技术,2006,34(1):1–6.(WANG Jianfei,WU Wenjun,LI Hongxing,et al.Effectiveness analysis of U.S.carrier combat group air strike fire to ground targets[J].Modern Defence Technology,2006,34(1):1–6.(in Chinese))
[15]葛涛,王明洋,赵跃堂,等.岩体中爆炸分区最大半径的计算[J].防护工程,2005,27(5):11–14.(GE Tao,WANG Mingyang,ZHAO Yuetang,et al.Calculation of the maximum radii of divided zones near explosion in rock[J].Protective engineering,2005,27(5):11–14.(in Chinese))
[16]АДУШКИНВВ,СПИВАКАА.Геомеханикакрупно-масштабныхвзрывовмосква[M].[S.l.]:Недра,1993.
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