裂隙张开度对地震波特性影响的模型研究
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摘要
基于Hudson裂隙理论中等效裂隙模型假设,在均匀介质中嵌入定向排列的薄圆片充填物可构成裂隙介质模型.通过改变充填物薄片的厚度,模拟裂隙的张开度,观测其对纵横波传播的影响.在实验室内用环氧树脂作裂隙模型的基质材料,含硅橡胶的混合低速材料做裂隙充填物.当每个模型中裂隙的直径和个数相等时,仅改变裂隙的厚度,形成了一组相同裂隙密度的裂隙模型.采用超声波脉冲透射法获得了平行和垂直裂隙方向纵横波传播的时间和波形记录.实验表明,在相同裂隙密度条件下,裂隙张开度的变化对纵横波的速度和振幅都有影响,其中纵波振幅的变化比速度变化大得多.横波速度的变化主要反映在慢横波上,振幅的变化快横波比慢横波大.这些特征对地震资料的处理和解释有一定的指导意义.
引文
1Hudson J A.Overall properties of a cracked solid.Math Proc Camb Phil Soc,1980,88:371—384
2Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks.Geophys J Roy Astr Soc,1981,64:133—150
3Chichinina T,Sabinin V,Ronquillo-Jarillo G.P-wave attenuation anisotropy in fracture characterization:Numerical modeling for re-flection data.74th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2004.143—146
4Zhu Y,Tsvankin I.Plane-wave propagation in attenuative transversely isotropic media.Geophysics,2006,71(2):17—30
5Tatham R H,Matthews M D,Sekharan K K,et al.A hysical model study of shear-wave splitting and fracture intensity:Geophysies,1992,57(4):647—652
6Ebrom D A,Tatham R H,Sekharan K K,et al.Hyperbolic traveltime analysis of first arrivals in an azimuthally anisotropic medium:A physical model study.Geophysics,1990,55:185—191
7Schoenberg M,Douma J.Elastic wave propagation in media with parallel fractures and aligned cracks.Geophys Prosp,1988,36:571—590
8贺振华,李亚林,张帆,等.定向裂缝对地震波速度和振幅影响的比较.物探化探计算技术,2001,23(1):1—5
9Ass’ad J M,Tatham R H,McDonald J A.A physical model study of microcrack-induced anisotropy.Geophysics,1992,57(12):1562—1570
10Ass’ad J M,Tatham R H,McDonald J A,et al.A physical model study of scattering of waves by aligned cracks:Comparison between experiment and theory.Geophys Prosp,1993,41:323—341
11Rathore J S,Fjaer E,Holt R M,et al.P-and S-wave anisotropy of a synthetic sandstone with controlied crack geometry.Geophys Prosp,1995,43(6):711—728
12魏建新,王椿镛.各向异性介质中横波测试技术实验研究.石油物探,2004,43(5):427—432
13Jianxin W.A physical model study of different crack densityes.J Geophys Eng,2004,1(1):70—76
14Cheadle S P,Brown J,Lawton D C.Orthorhombic anisotropy.A physical seismic modeling study.Geophysics,1991,56:1603—1613
15Isaac J H,Lawton D C.Image mispositioning due to dipping TI media:A physical seismic modeling study.Geophysics,1999,64:1230—1238
2Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks.Geophys J Roy Astr Soc,1981,64:133—150
3Chichinina T,Sabinin V,Ronquillo-Jarillo G.P-wave attenuation anisotropy in fracture characterization:Numerical modeling for re-flection data.74th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2004.143—146
4Zhu Y,Tsvankin I.Plane-wave propagation in attenuative transversely isotropic media.Geophysics,2006,71(2):17—30
5Tatham R H,Matthews M D,Sekharan K K,et al.A hysical model study of shear-wave splitting and fracture intensity:Geophysies,1992,57(4):647—652
6Ebrom D A,Tatham R H,Sekharan K K,et al.Hyperbolic traveltime analysis of first arrivals in an azimuthally anisotropic medium:A physical model study.Geophysics,1990,55:185—191
7Schoenberg M,Douma J.Elastic wave propagation in media with parallel fractures and aligned cracks.Geophys Prosp,1988,36:571—590
8贺振华,李亚林,张帆,等.定向裂缝对地震波速度和振幅影响的比较.物探化探计算技术,2001,23(1):1—5
9Ass’ad J M,Tatham R H,McDonald J A.A physical model study of microcrack-induced anisotropy.Geophysics,1992,57(12):1562—1570
10Ass’ad J M,Tatham R H,McDonald J A,et al.A physical model study of scattering of waves by aligned cracks:Comparison between experiment and theory.Geophys Prosp,1993,41:323—341
11Rathore J S,Fjaer E,Holt R M,et al.P-and S-wave anisotropy of a synthetic sandstone with controlied crack geometry.Geophys Prosp,1995,43(6):711—728
12魏建新,王椿镛.各向异性介质中横波测试技术实验研究.石油物探,2004,43(5):427—432
13Jianxin W.A physical model study of different crack densityes.J Geophys Eng,2004,1(1):70—76
14Cheadle S P,Brown J,Lawton D C.Orthorhombic anisotropy.A physical seismic modeling study.Geophysics,1991,56:1603—1613
15Isaac J H,Lawton D C.Image mispositioning due to dipping TI media:A physical seismic modeling study.Geophysics,1999,64:1230—1238
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