张家口-渤海地震构造带的地壳形变研究
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摘要
华北北部地区的张家口-渤海断裂带是控制现代强震的一条地震构造带。新近纪以来,在区域NEE向主压应力的作用下,新发育了一系列的NE向构造活动带,与张家口-渤海断裂带组成1组共轭的剪切破裂系统,控制了近代强震的发生。文中主要探讨了这条断裂带的地壳形变特征。长趋势GPS地壳形变图像反映了这条活动断裂带相对完整的左旋走滑活动。分期的地壳形变图像揭示了在中强地震前,沿该断裂带出现一系列的NE向梯度异常带,分别指示了唐山-河间、三河-涞水以及延怀-山西地震构造活动带的活动,表明了沿张家口-渤海断裂带出现了中强地震的中期前兆。研究认为,强震前地壳形变揭示的是深部蕴震层的应变活动信息,而强震之后比较杂乱的图像特征体现了盖层的调整运动。
First Crust Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Tianjin 300180, China 2)Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China 3)Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, ChinaThe Zhangjiakou Bohai fault zone in the northern part of North China area is a seismotectonic zone controlling the present day strong earthquake activity. Under the effect of NEE directing regional principal compressive stress, a series of NE trending active tectonic zones were engendered in this area. Together with the Zhangjiakou Bohai fault zone, they make up a group of conjugate shear fracturing systems, controlling the occurrence of the present day strong earthquakes. This paper focuses mainly on the feature of crustal deformation around this fault zone. The secular GPS crustal deformation image has reflected the relatively complete left lateral strike slip movement of this active fault zone. However, the crustal deformation images of different stages indicate that a series of NE trending large scale anomalous gradient zones appeared along the Zhangjiakou Bohai zone before the occurrence of moderate strong earthquakes. These anomalous zones have indicated separately the activities of the Tangshan Hejian, Sanhe Laishui and Yanhuai Shanxi seismotectonic zones, and represented the medium term precursors of the moderate strong earthquake along the Zhangjiakou Bohai fault zone. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that the crustal deformation that appears before the occurrence of strong earthquake reflects the strain activity in the deep seismogenic zone, while the disorderly and unsystematic crustal deformation images that occur after the occurrence of strong earthquake reflect the adjusting movement of the covering strata.
First Crust Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Tianjin 300180, China 2)Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China 3)Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, ChinaThe Zhangjiakou Bohai fault zone in the northern part of North China area is a seismotectonic zone controlling the present day strong earthquake activity. Under the effect of NEE directing regional principal compressive stress, a series of NE trending active tectonic zones were engendered in this area. Together with the Zhangjiakou Bohai fault zone, they make up a group of conjugate shear fracturing systems, controlling the occurrence of the present day strong earthquakes. This paper focuses mainly on the feature of crustal deformation around this fault zone. The secular GPS crustal deformation image has reflected the relatively complete left lateral strike slip movement of this active fault zone. However, the crustal deformation images of different stages indicate that a series of NE trending large scale anomalous gradient zones appeared along the Zhangjiakou Bohai zone before the occurrence of moderate strong earthquakes. These anomalous zones have indicated separately the activities of the Tangshan Hejian, Sanhe Laishui and Yanhuai Shanxi seismotectonic zones, and represented the medium term precursors of the moderate strong earthquake along the Zhangjiakou Bohai fault zone. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that the crustal deformation that appears before the occurrence of strong earthquake reflects the strain activity in the deep seismogenic zone, while the disorderly and unsystematic crustal deformation images that occur after the occurrence of strong earthquake reflect the adjusting movement of the covering strata.
引文
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郑炳华,虢顺民,徐好民.1981.燕山地区北西向和北西西向断裂构造基本特征初步探讨[J].地震地质,3(2):32—40.
ZHENGBing hua,GUOShun min,XUHao min.1981.PreliminarystudyofprincipalfeaturesoftheNW andNWW trend ingfaultstructuresintheYanshanregion[J].SeismologyandGeology,3(2):32—40(inChinese).
GAOZhan wu.2001.AStudyonCharacteristicsofEarthquakeGeologyoftheZhangjiakou-PenglaiFaultZone[D]:PhDthesis.InstituteofGeology,CEA ,Beijing(inChinese).
顾国华,王若柏,孙惠娟,等.1999.华北地区GPS测量成果及其地震地质意义[J].地震地质,21(2):122—128.
GUGuo hua,WANGRuo bai,SUNHui juan,etal.1999.ResultsofGPSsurveysforcrustaldeformationinNorthChinaandtheirimplicationstoearthquakegeology[J].SeismologyandGeology,21(2):122—128(inChinese).
桂琨长,罗夏真.1989.华北平原地区的地面隆起与地壳运动[J].地质科技情报,8(4):47—54.
GUIKun chang,LUOXia zhen.1989.ThesurfaceupliftandcrustalmovementinNorthChinaPlain[J].GeologicalScienceandTechnologyInformation,8(4):47—54(inChinese).
刘国栋.1994.唐山地震震源构造及动力学过程研究[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.现今地球动力学研究及其应用.北京:地震出版社.
LIUGuo dong.1994.StudyofdynamicprocessandsourcetectonicsofTangshanearthquake[A].In:InstituteofGeology,SSB (ed).StudyofRecentGeodynamicsanditsApplication.SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
马杏垣主编.1989.中国岩石圈动力学地图集[Z].北京:中国地图出版社.MAXing yuan(ed).1989.LithosphericDynamicsAtlasofChina[Z].ChinaCartographicPublishingHouse,Beijing(inChinese).
马杏垣.1982.论伸展构造[J].地球科学-武汉地质学院学报,(3):15—22.
MAXing yuan.1982.Onextensionaltectonics[J].EarthSience—JournalofWuhanCollegeofGeology,(3):15—22(inChinese).
王若柏,洪汉净,许忠淮,等.1995.华北地区地壳垂直形变场及动态演化特征[J].地震学报,17(2):148—155.
WANGRuo bai,HONGHan jing,XUZhong huai,etal.1995.FieldofverticaldeformationinNorthChinaandthefeatureofdynamicevolution[J].ActaSeismologicaSinica,8(2):185—194(inChinese).
王若柏,黄立人.1984.北京地区水平形变及其构造含义[J].地震地质,6(4):17—24.
WANGRuo bai,HUANGLi ren.1984.HorizontaldeformationanditsgeotectonicimplicationintheBeijingarea[J].Seis mologyandGeology,6(4):17—24(inChinese).
徐杰,牛娈芳,王春华,等.1996.唐山-河间-磁县新生地震构造带[J].地震地质,18(3):313—322.
XUJie,NIULuan fang,WANGChun hua,etal.1996.TangshanHejianCixiannewly generatedseismotetoniczone[J].SeismologyandGeology,18(3):313—322(inChinese).
徐杰,宋长清,楚全芝.1998.张家口蓬莱断裂带地震构造特征的初步探讨[J].地震地质,20(2):125—134.
XUJie,SONGChang qingCHUQuan zhi.1998.PreliminarystudyontheseismotectoniccharactersoftheZhangjiakouPenglaiFaultZone[J].SeismologyandGeology,20(2):125—134(inChinese).
徐锡伟,邓起东,马杏垣.1992.山西裂谷系的构造特征及其形成机制[A].见:中国大陆构造论文集.北京:地质出版社.120—131.
XUXi wei,DENGQi dong,MAXing yuan.1992.TectoniccharacteristicandformationmechanismofShanxiriftsystem[A].In:CollectedPapersonContinentalStructuresinChina.GeologicalPublishingHouse,Beijing.120—131(inChi nese).
杨国华,桂琨长,巩曰沐.1996.板内强震蕴震过程中地形变图像及模式的研究[J].地震学报,17(2):138—147.
YANGGuo hua,GUIkun chang,GONGYue mu,etal.1996.Studyonthepatternandmodeofverticalcrustalaldeforma tionduringtheseismogenicprocessofintraplatestrongearthquakes[J].ActaSeismologicaSinica,8(2):195—204.
郑炳华,虢顺民,徐好民.1981.燕山地区北西向和北西西向断裂构造基本特征初步探讨[J].地震地质,3(2):32—40.
ZHENGBing hua,GUOShun min,XUHao min.1981.PreliminarystudyofprincipalfeaturesoftheNW andNWW trend ingfaultstructuresintheYanshanregion[J].SeismologyandGeology,3(2):32—40(inChinese).
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