地震作用下黄土暗穴的稳定性
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摘要
黄土高原地区发育的黄土暗穴是一种特殊的不良地质现象,已经成为西部黄土地区公路损坏的主要原因。黄土具有很高的地震易损性,对于暗穴较高发育区的西安—兰州一带,受地震影响比较大。在深入研究黄土暗穴发育特点的基础上,采用有限元法对其在地震力作用下的致塌机理进行了数值模拟,得出了不同洞径及埋深的暗穴在地震荷载作用下的动力响应规律。研究结果表明:地震发生时,往往会引起暗穴顶板的塌落,这种现象并非洞壁土体材料的屈服渐次发展所致,而是由突发性的暗穴结构稳定性丧失引起的。
Loess-hidden hole developed in the loess plateau is a kind of unfavorable geological phenomenon,and it has become the main reason causing damage to the highway in western loess region.The loess has the seismic vulnerability.At the loess regions from Xi'an to Lanzhou,the hidden-holes are more developed,the earthquake influence is strong.Through the study on the developmental features of loess-hidden hole,this paper analyzes the slumping mechanics by dynamic finite element method.According to the dynamic response results of loess-hidden hole with different diameter and embedded depth,when the earthquake happens,the reason causing the hidden holes' roof collapsed is not that the soils become yield gradually,but the structure loses its stability.3 tabs,8 figs,10 refs.
Loess-hidden hole developed in the loess plateau is a kind of unfavorable geological phenomenon,and it has become the main reason causing damage to the highway in western loess region.The loess has the seismic vulnerability.At the loess regions from Xi'an to Lanzhou,the hidden-holes are more developed,the earthquake influence is strong.Through the study on the developmental features of loess-hidden hole,this paper analyzes the slumping mechanics by dynamic finite element method.According to the dynamic response results of loess-hidden hole with different diameter and embedded depth,when the earthquake happens,the reason causing the hidden holes' roof collapsed is not that the soils become yield gradually,but the structure loses its stability.3 tabs,8 figs,10 refs.
引文
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[2]王景明,卜臣.黄土喀斯特与水土流失灾害[J].中国水土保持,1990,(1):18-22.WANG Jing-ming,BU Chen.Loess Karst and soiland water losses[J].Research of Soil and WaterConservation,1990,(1):18-22.
[3]王景明,卜臣.黄土喀斯特与水土流失灾害(续)[J].中国水土保持,1990,(2):32-33.WANG Jing-ming,BU Chen.Loess Karst and soiland water losses(continued)[J].Research of Soiland Water Conservation,1990,(2):32-33.
[4]彭建兵,陈立伟,邓亚虹,等.车辆荷载作用下黄土暗穴对路基稳定性影响的数值分析[J].中国公路学报,2006,19(4):17-22.PENG Jian-bing,CHEN Li-wei,DENG Ya-hong,etal.Numerical analysis of subgrade stability influencedby hidden holes in loess under dynamic load ofvehicles[J].China Journal of Highway andTransport,2006,19(4):17-22.
[5]石玉成,李兰,刘红梅.黄土的震陷性与其微结构特征的关系研究[J].西北地震学报,2002,24(2):130-134.SHI Yu-cheng,LI Lan,LIU Hong-mei.Study onthe relation of loess seismic subsidence and itsmicrostructure characters[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,2002,24(2):130-134.
[6]孙萍,彭建兵,范文,等.黄土地区公路暗穴顶扳临界厚度的确定方法[J].中国公路学报,2006,19(2):12-17.SUN Ping,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,et al.Methods on defining critical thickness of hidden cave’s roof of highway in loess area[J].China Journal ofHighway and Transport,2006,19(2):12-17.
[7]陈国兴,张克绪,谢君斐.黄土崖窑洞抗震性能分析[J].哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1995,28(1):15-22.CHEN Guo-xing,ZHANG Ke-xu,XIE Jun-pei.Seismic performance analysis of the cave dwelling onthe loess precipice[J].Journal of HarbinConstruction Engineering Institute,1995,28(1):15-22.
[8]高峰,任侠.黄土窑洞地震反应分析[J].兰州铁道学院学报:自然科学版,2001,20(3):12-18.GAO Feng,REN Xia.Seismic responses analysis ofa loess cave[J].Journal of Lanzhou RailwayUniversity:Natural Science Edition,2001,20(3):12-18.
[9]石刚,王晋国,支喜兰,等.黄土地区公路工程地基承载力分区计算方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2005,5(4):48-52.SHI Gang,WANG Jing-guo,ZHI Xi-lan,et al.Calculation method of foundation bearing capacitybased on division in loess area for highwayengineering[J].Journal of Traffic and TransportationEngineering,2005,5(4):48-52.
[10]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995.
[2]王景明,卜臣.黄土喀斯特与水土流失灾害[J].中国水土保持,1990,(1):18-22.WANG Jing-ming,BU Chen.Loess Karst and soiland water losses[J].Research of Soil and WaterConservation,1990,(1):18-22.
[3]王景明,卜臣.黄土喀斯特与水土流失灾害(续)[J].中国水土保持,1990,(2):32-33.WANG Jing-ming,BU Chen.Loess Karst and soiland water losses(continued)[J].Research of Soiland Water Conservation,1990,(2):32-33.
[4]彭建兵,陈立伟,邓亚虹,等.车辆荷载作用下黄土暗穴对路基稳定性影响的数值分析[J].中国公路学报,2006,19(4):17-22.PENG Jian-bing,CHEN Li-wei,DENG Ya-hong,etal.Numerical analysis of subgrade stability influencedby hidden holes in loess under dynamic load ofvehicles[J].China Journal of Highway andTransport,2006,19(4):17-22.
[5]石玉成,李兰,刘红梅.黄土的震陷性与其微结构特征的关系研究[J].西北地震学报,2002,24(2):130-134.SHI Yu-cheng,LI Lan,LIU Hong-mei.Study onthe relation of loess seismic subsidence and itsmicrostructure characters[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,2002,24(2):130-134.
[6]孙萍,彭建兵,范文,等.黄土地区公路暗穴顶扳临界厚度的确定方法[J].中国公路学报,2006,19(2):12-17.SUN Ping,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen,et al.Methods on defining critical thickness of hidden cave’s roof of highway in loess area[J].China Journal ofHighway and Transport,2006,19(2):12-17.
[7]陈国兴,张克绪,谢君斐.黄土崖窑洞抗震性能分析[J].哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1995,28(1):15-22.CHEN Guo-xing,ZHANG Ke-xu,XIE Jun-pei.Seismic performance analysis of the cave dwelling onthe loess precipice[J].Journal of HarbinConstruction Engineering Institute,1995,28(1):15-22.
[8]高峰,任侠.黄土窑洞地震反应分析[J].兰州铁道学院学报:自然科学版,2001,20(3):12-18.GAO Feng,REN Xia.Seismic responses analysis ofa loess cave[J].Journal of Lanzhou RailwayUniversity:Natural Science Edition,2001,20(3):12-18.
[9]石刚,王晋国,支喜兰,等.黄土地区公路工程地基承载力分区计算方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2005,5(4):48-52.SHI Gang,WANG Jing-guo,ZHI Xi-lan,et al.Calculation method of foundation bearing capacitybased on division in loess area for highwayengineering[J].Journal of Traffic and TransportationEngineering,2005,5(4):48-52.
[10]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995.
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