利用三维聚束滤波方法消除相关噪声
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摘要
在复杂地区的三维地震勘探中,相关噪声是提高信噪比和准确实施速度分析及偏移成像的主要障碍之一。现有的消除相关噪声方法也不能令人满意,为此本文试图用三维聚束滤波方法消除三维地震资料中的相关噪声。考虑到三维观测系统的复杂性,在三维聚束滤波方法设计中采用两个关键步骤:①将地震资料按方位角分区,把三维时距关系简化为二维,从而避免了高费用和不稳定性;②引入动态平衡面元,避免有些方位角分区内地震道数可能不够,保证了结果的稳定性和高分辨率。合成资料和实际资料的处理结果表明,本文提出的三维聚束滤波方法能够有效地消除各种相关噪声。
The coherent noise is main obstacle for improving S/N ratio, correctly conducting the velocity analysis and migration in 3D seismic exploration of complex areas. The current-used coherent-noise eliminated method is also not satisfactory,for that reason,the paper tried to use 3D beamforming fil tering method to eliminate the coherent noise in 3D seismic data. Considering the complicated 3D geometry, we use two key steps in design of 3D beamforming filtering method;①partitioning the seismic data according to azimuth angle and simplifying the 3D time-distance relationship to 2D time-distance relationship made the high cost and instability be avoided;②introducing dynamic balance bin to avoid the insufficiency of seismic channels in some azimuth-partitioned areas,so that guaranteed the stability and high-resolution of results. The processing results of synthetic and practical data showed that the 3D beamforming filtering method presented by the paper can effectively eliminate a variety of coherent noise.
The coherent noise is main obstacle for improving S/N ratio, correctly conducting the velocity analysis and migration in 3D seismic exploration of complex areas. The current-used coherent-noise eliminated method is also not satisfactory,for that reason,the paper tried to use 3D beamforming fil tering method to eliminate the coherent noise in 3D seismic data. Considering the complicated 3D geometry, we use two key steps in design of 3D beamforming filtering method;①partitioning the seismic data according to azimuth angle and simplifying the 3D time-distance relationship to 2D time-distance relationship made the high cost and instability be avoided;②introducing dynamic balance bin to avoid the insufficiency of seismic channels in some azimuth-partitioned areas,so that guaranteed the stability and high-resolution of results. The processing results of synthetic and practical data showed that the 3D beamforming filtering method presented by the paper can effectively eliminate a variety of coherent noise.
引文
[1] Gary P. Seismic signal processing-new millennium perspective. Geophysics,2001,66(1):18-20
[2] Haykin S. Adaptive filter theory. 4th edition,Prentice Hall, 2002
[3] Hu T,White R E. Robust multiple suppression using adaptive beamforming. Geophysical Prospecting,1998, 46(3):227-248
[4] Hu T et al. Multiple attenuation using beamforming onshore and offshore. The Leading Edge, 2002, 21 (9):906-910
[5]胡天跃等.聚束滤波法消除海上地震资料的多次波,石 油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):18-23
[6] Hong F et al. Target multiple attenuation using 3D beamforming. Expanded Abstract of 73rd SEG Mtg, 2003,1969-1972
[7] Frost O L. An algorithm for linearly constrained adaptive array processing. Proceedings of the IEEE,1972, 60(8):926-935
[8]Yilmaz O著,黄绪德等译.地震数据处理.北京:石油 工业出版社,1994
[2] Haykin S. Adaptive filter theory. 4th edition,Prentice Hall, 2002
[3] Hu T,White R E. Robust multiple suppression using adaptive beamforming. Geophysical Prospecting,1998, 46(3):227-248
[4] Hu T et al. Multiple attenuation using beamforming onshore and offshore. The Leading Edge, 2002, 21 (9):906-910
[5]胡天跃等.聚束滤波法消除海上地震资料的多次波,石 油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):18-23
[6] Hong F et al. Target multiple attenuation using 3D beamforming. Expanded Abstract of 73rd SEG Mtg, 2003,1969-1972
[7] Frost O L. An algorithm for linearly constrained adaptive array processing. Proceedings of the IEEE,1972, 60(8):926-935
[8]Yilmaz O著,黄绪德等译.地震数据处理.北京:石油 工业出版社,1994
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