金属矿地震勘探技术方法研究综述——金属矿地震勘探技术及其现状
|
摘要
系统地总结了国内外现有金属矿地震勘探技术及其研究与应用现状,其中包括岩石物理性质分析和散射波场特征分析等基础研究、区域普查地震技术、二维和三维地震成像技术及井下地震勘探技术。指出反射波地震方法是目前金属矿地震勘探的主要方法:国外使用的主流方法是在利用反射波成像处理技术得到的实测成果数据体中,采用强散射特征分析等属性分析方法圈定矿体;国内主要是利用常规反射波方法进行资料处理,在反射剖面上利用散射波概念进行地质解释。同时指出,金属矿勘探所涉及的特殊地震地质条件使得金属矿地震勘探问题落入地震波散射领域,而现有技术中缺少从散射观点出发进行地震资料采集、处理和解释的理论与配套技术。进而强调研究基于地震波散射理论的散射波地震技术是金属矿地震勘探技术的发展方向。
This paper reviewed the researches and applications of seismic techniques in mining exploration in detail,including the fundamental researches composed of acoustic properties and scattering characteristics,regional reconnaissance studies,2-D and 3-D surface seismic imaging and down-hole seismic ima- ging,and pointed out the main seismic method used in mining exploration is reflected wave methods at present.Intense seis- mic scattering response analysis on data processed by reflected wave imaging techniques is used to delineate ore-bodies in for- eign countries,while methods of interpretation with scattered wave views on data acquired by means of reflected wave tech- niques are used in China.For mining exploration,the complex problems involved fall within the seismic wave scattering area, suggesting that they require to be solved completely by the scattered wave seismic techniques,which are not available now,and which are the future direction of seismic techniques for mining exploration.
This paper reviewed the researches and applications of seismic techniques in mining exploration in detail,including the fundamental researches composed of acoustic properties and scattering characteristics,regional reconnaissance studies,2-D and 3-D surface seismic imaging and down-hole seismic ima- ging,and pointed out the main seismic method used in mining exploration is reflected wave methods at present.Intense seis- mic scattering response analysis on data processed by reflected wave imaging techniques is used to delineate ore-bodies in for- eign countries,while methods of interpretation with scattered wave views on data acquired by means of reflected wave tech- niques are used in China.For mining exploration,the complex problems involved fall within the seismic wave scattering area, suggesting that they require to be solved completely by the scattered wave seismic techniques,which are not available now,and which are the future direction of seismic techniques for mining exploration.
引文
1 Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H.Seismic methods for deep mineral exploration:Mature technol- ogies adapted to new targets[J].The Leading Edge, ??2003,22(6):580～585
2孙明,林君．金属矿地震散射波场的数值模拟研究[J]．地质与勘探,2001,37(4):68～70
3 Green A G,Mair J A.Subhorizontal fractures in a granite pluton:Their detection and implication for ra- dioactive waste disposal[J].Geophysics,1983,48 (11):1428～1449
4 Pretorius C C,Jamison A,Irons C,et al.Seismic ex- ploration in the Witwatersrand Basin,Republic of South Africa[J].Proceedings of Exploration 87, 1989,241～253
5 Birch F.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars,Part 1[J].Journal of Geophyssics Re- search,1960,65(4):1083～1102
6 Birch F.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars,Part 2[J].Journal of Geophyssics Re- search,1961,66(13):2199～2224
7 Christensen N I.Measurement of dynamic properties of rocks at elevated temperatures and pressures[A]. In:Pincus H J,Hoskins E R,eds.Measurements of rock properties at elevated pressures and temperatures [C].Philadelphia:American Society for Testing and Materials,1985.93～107
8 Salisbury M H,Milkereit B,Ascough G,et al.Physical properties and seismic imaging of massive sulfides[J]. Geophysics,2000,65(6):1882～1889
9 Salisbury M H,Milkereit B,Bleeker W.Seismic ima- ging of massive sulfide deposits:Part I,Rock proper- ties[J].Economic Geology,1996,91(5):821～828
10 Salisbury M H,Harvey C W,Matthews L.The acous- tic properties of ores and host rocks in hardrock terra- nes[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H, eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Socie- ty of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.9～19
11 Schmitt D R,Mwenifumbo J,Pflug K A,et al.Geo- phisical logging for elastic properties in hard rocks:A tutorial[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:So- ciety of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.20～41
12 Eaton D W.Weak elastic-wave scattering from mas- sive sulfide orebodies[J].Geophysics,1999,64(1): 289～299
13 Eaton D W,Clarke G.A Kichhoff integral method to model 3-D elastic-wave scattering[J].Expanded Ab- stracts of the 70~(th)Annual Internat SEG Meeting,2000, 1～4
14 Clarke G J,Eaton D W.Influence of morphology and surface roughness on the seismic response of massive sulfides,based on elastic-wave Kirchhoff modeling [A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds. Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.45～58
15 Hobbs R W.3D modeling of seismic-wave propagation using complex elastic screens,with application to min- eral exploration[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B, Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration [C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2003.59～69
16 Bohlen T,Muller C,Milkereit B.Elastic seismic-wave scattering from massive sulfide orebodies:on the role of composition and shape[A].In:Eaton D W,Milke- reit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Explora- tion[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2003.70～89
17黄雪继．地震波散射场相位移法波动方程正演模拟: [学位论文][D]．北京:中国地质大学(北京),2003
18尹军杰．地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究:[学位论文][D]．北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005
19李灿苹．散射波特征与非均匀地质体对应关系研究: [学位论文][D]．北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006
20李灿苹,刘学伟,王祥春等．地震波的散射理论和散射特征及应用[J]．勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(2): 81～89
21李灿苹,刘学伟,李敏锋等．非均匀地质体散射特征初探[J]．石油物探,2006,45(2):134～140
22徐明才,高景华,荣立新等．从金属矿地震方法的试验效果探讨其应用前景[J]．中国地质,2004,31(1): 108～112
23 Huhlin C,Palm H.Experiences from shallow reflec- tion seismics over granitic rocks in Sweden[A].In: Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds. Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.93～109
24 Roberts B,Zaleski E,Perron G,et al.Seismic explora- tion of the Mantitouwadge Greenstone Belt,Ontario: A case history[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salis- bury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tul- sa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.121～126
25 Drummond B J,Owen A J,Jackson J C,et al.Seismic- reflection imaging of the environment around the Mount Isa orebodies,northern Australia:A case stud- y[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H, eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.127～137
26 Milkereit B,Eaton D,Berrer E.Towards 3-D seismic exploration technology for the crystalline crust[J]. Expanded Abstracts of the 66~(th)Annual Internat SEG Meeting,1996,638～641
27 Milkereit B,Eaton D,Wu J,et al.Seismic Imaging of Massive Sulfide Deposits:PartⅡ,Reflection seismic profiling[J].Economic Geology,1996,91(5): 829～834
28 Salisbury M H,Milkereit B,Ascough G.Physical properties and seismic imaging of massive sulfides[J]. ??Geophysics,2000,65(6):1882～1889
29 Milkereit B,Eaton D.Imaging and interpreting the shallow crystalline crust[J].Tectonophysics,1998, 286:5～18
30 Milkereit B,Berrer E K,King A R,et al.Development of 3-D seismic exploration technology for deep nickel- copper deposits:A case history from the Sudbury ba- sin,Canada[J].Geophysics,2000,65(6):1890～1899
31 Evans B J,Urosevic M,Taube A.Using surface-seis- mic reflection to profile a massive sulfide deposit at Mount Morgan,Australia[A].In:Eaton D W,Milke- reit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Explora- tion[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2003.157～163
32 Calvert A J,Perron G,Li Y.A comparison of 2D seis- mic lines shot over the Ansil and Bell Allard Mines in the Abitibi Greenstone Belt[A].In:Eaton D W,Milk- ereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Explo- ration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysi- cists,2003.164～177
33 Calvert A J,Li Y.Seismic reflection imaging of a mas- sive sulfide deposit at the Matagami mining camp, Quebec[J].Geophysics,1999,64(1):24～32
34 Adam E,Perron G,Arnold G,et al.3D seismic ima- ging for VMS deposit exploration,Matagami,Quebec [A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds. Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.181～193
35 Stevenson F R,Higgs M A,Durrheim R J.Seismic im- aging of precious and base-metal deposits in southern Africa[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:So- ciety of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.141～156
36 Pretorius C C,Muller M R,Larrogue M,et al.A re- view of 16 years of hardrock seismic on the Kaapvaal Craton[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:So- ciety of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.247～268
37 Li Tonglin,Eaton D W.Delineating the Tuwu porphyry copper deposit at Xinjiang,China,with seismic-reflec- tion profiling[J].Geophysics,2005,70(6):B53～B60
38 Eaton D W,Guest S,Milkereit B,et al.Seismic ima- ging of massive sulfide deposits:PartⅢ,Borehole seis- mic imaging of near-vertical structures[J].Economic Geology,1996,91:835～840
39 Adam E,Bohlen T,Milkereit B.Vertical seismic profi- ling at the Bell Allard orebody,Matagami,Qurbec [A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds. Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.181～193
40 Perron G,Eaton D W,Elliot B,et al.Application of downhole seismic imaging to map near-vertical struc- tures:Normetal(Abitibi Greenstone Belt),Quebec [A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds. Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.194～206
41 Cosma C,Heikkinen P,Keskinen J.Multiazimuth VSP for rock characterization of deep nuclear waste disposal sites in Finland[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salis- bury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C]. Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003. 207～225
42 Pretorius C C,Trewick W F,Fourie A,et al.Applica- tion of 3-D seismics to mine planning at Vaal Reefs gold mine,number 10 shaft,Republic of South Africa [J].Geophysics,2000,65(6):1862～1870
43 Greenhalgh S A,Mason L M,Sinadinovski C.In-mine seismic delineation of mineralization and rock structure ??[J].Geophysics,2000,65(6):1908～1919
44 Adam E,Milkereit B,Salmon B.3-D seismic explora- tion in the Val d'Or mining camp,Quebec[J].Ex- panded Abstracts of the 68~(th)Annual Internat SEG Meetingg,1998,638～641
45曾校丰,许维进,何文能．隐伏矿床的地震波动力学信息探测[J]．矿床地质,2002,21(1):91～96
46 Zhao Yonggui,Wang Chaofan,Chen Yanmin,et al. Seismic tomography and its application in mining[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1996,39(4):585～592
47 Drummond B J,Goleby B R,Owen A J,et al.Seismic reflection imaging of mineral systems:Three case histo- ries[J].Geophysics,2000,65(6):1852～1861
48 Joe Wong.Crosshole seismic imaging for sulfide ore- body delineation near Sudbury,Ontario,Canada[J]. Geophysics,2000,65(6):1900～1907
49吴如山,安艺敬一．地震波的散射与衰减[M]．李裕澈,卢寿德译．北京:地震出版社,1993．1～50
2孙明,林君．金属矿地震散射波场的数值模拟研究[J]．地质与勘探,2001,37(4):68～70
3 Green A G,Mair J A.Subhorizontal fractures in a granite pluton:Their detection and implication for ra- dioactive waste disposal[J].Geophysics,1983,48 (11):1428～1449
4 Pretorius C C,Jamison A,Irons C,et al.Seismic ex- ploration in the Witwatersrand Basin,Republic of South Africa[J].Proceedings of Exploration 87, 1989,241～253
5 Birch F.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars,Part 1[J].Journal of Geophyssics Re- search,1960,65(4):1083～1102
6 Birch F.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars,Part 2[J].Journal of Geophyssics Re- search,1961,66(13):2199～2224
7 Christensen N I.Measurement of dynamic properties of rocks at elevated temperatures and pressures[A]. In:Pincus H J,Hoskins E R,eds.Measurements of rock properties at elevated pressures and temperatures [C].Philadelphia:American Society for Testing and Materials,1985.93～107
8 Salisbury M H,Milkereit B,Ascough G,et al.Physical properties and seismic imaging of massive sulfides[J]. Geophysics,2000,65(6):1882～1889
9 Salisbury M H,Milkereit B,Bleeker W.Seismic ima- ging of massive sulfide deposits:Part I,Rock proper- ties[J].Economic Geology,1996,91(5):821～828
10 Salisbury M H,Harvey C W,Matthews L.The acous- tic properties of ores and host rocks in hardrock terra- nes[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H, eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Socie- ty of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.9～19
11 Schmitt D R,Mwenifumbo J,Pflug K A,et al.Geo- phisical logging for elastic properties in hard rocks:A tutorial[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:So- ciety of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.20～41
12 Eaton D W.Weak elastic-wave scattering from mas- sive sulfide orebodies[J].Geophysics,1999,64(1): 289～299
13 Eaton D W,Clarke G.A Kichhoff integral method to model 3-D elastic-wave scattering[J].Expanded Ab- stracts of the 70~(th)Annual Internat SEG Meeting,2000, 1～4
14 Clarke G J,Eaton D W.Influence of morphology and surface roughness on the seismic response of massive sulfides,based on elastic-wave Kirchhoff modeling [A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds. Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.45～58
15 Hobbs R W.3D modeling of seismic-wave propagation using complex elastic screens,with application to min- eral exploration[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B, Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration [C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2003.59～69
16 Bohlen T,Muller C,Milkereit B.Elastic seismic-wave scattering from massive sulfide orebodies:on the role of composition and shape[A].In:Eaton D W,Milke- reit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Explora- tion[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2003.70～89
17黄雪继．地震波散射场相位移法波动方程正演模拟: [学位论文][D]．北京:中国地质大学(北京),2003
18尹军杰．地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究:[学位论文][D]．北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005
19李灿苹．散射波特征与非均匀地质体对应关系研究: [学位论文][D]．北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006
20李灿苹,刘学伟,王祥春等．地震波的散射理论和散射特征及应用[J]．勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(2): 81～89
21李灿苹,刘学伟,李敏锋等．非均匀地质体散射特征初探[J]．石油物探,2006,45(2):134～140
22徐明才,高景华,荣立新等．从金属矿地震方法的试验效果探讨其应用前景[J]．中国地质,2004,31(1): 108～112
23 Huhlin C,Palm H.Experiences from shallow reflec- tion seismics over granitic rocks in Sweden[A].In: Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds. Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.93～109
24 Roberts B,Zaleski E,Perron G,et al.Seismic explora- tion of the Mantitouwadge Greenstone Belt,Ontario: A case history[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salis- bury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tul- sa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.121～126
25 Drummond B J,Owen A J,Jackson J C,et al.Seismic- reflection imaging of the environment around the Mount Isa orebodies,northern Australia:A case stud- y[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H, eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.127～137
26 Milkereit B,Eaton D,Berrer E.Towards 3-D seismic exploration technology for the crystalline crust[J]. Expanded Abstracts of the 66~(th)Annual Internat SEG Meeting,1996,638～641
27 Milkereit B,Eaton D,Wu J,et al.Seismic Imaging of Massive Sulfide Deposits:PartⅡ,Reflection seismic profiling[J].Economic Geology,1996,91(5): 829～834
28 Salisbury M H,Milkereit B,Ascough G.Physical properties and seismic imaging of massive sulfides[J]. ??Geophysics,2000,65(6):1882～1889
29 Milkereit B,Eaton D.Imaging and interpreting the shallow crystalline crust[J].Tectonophysics,1998, 286:5～18
30 Milkereit B,Berrer E K,King A R,et al.Development of 3-D seismic exploration technology for deep nickel- copper deposits:A case history from the Sudbury ba- sin,Canada[J].Geophysics,2000,65(6):1890～1899
31 Evans B J,Urosevic M,Taube A.Using surface-seis- mic reflection to profile a massive sulfide deposit at Mount Morgan,Australia[A].In:Eaton D W,Milke- reit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Explora- tion[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2003.157～163
32 Calvert A J,Perron G,Li Y.A comparison of 2D seis- mic lines shot over the Ansil and Bell Allard Mines in the Abitibi Greenstone Belt[A].In:Eaton D W,Milk- ereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Explo- ration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysi- cists,2003.164～177
33 Calvert A J,Li Y.Seismic reflection imaging of a mas- sive sulfide deposit at the Matagami mining camp, Quebec[J].Geophysics,1999,64(1):24～32
34 Adam E,Perron G,Arnold G,et al.3D seismic ima- ging for VMS deposit exploration,Matagami,Quebec [A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds. Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.181～193
35 Stevenson F R,Higgs M A,Durrheim R J.Seismic im- aging of precious and base-metal deposits in southern Africa[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:So- ciety of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.141～156
36 Pretorius C C,Muller M R,Larrogue M,et al.A re- view of 16 years of hardrock seismic on the Kaapvaal Craton[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:So- ciety of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.247～268
37 Li Tonglin,Eaton D W.Delineating the Tuwu porphyry copper deposit at Xinjiang,China,with seismic-reflec- tion profiling[J].Geophysics,2005,70(6):B53～B60
38 Eaton D W,Guest S,Milkereit B,et al.Seismic ima- ging of massive sulfide deposits:PartⅢ,Borehole seis- mic imaging of near-vertical structures[J].Economic Geology,1996,91:835～840
39 Adam E,Bohlen T,Milkereit B.Vertical seismic profi- ling at the Bell Allard orebody,Matagami,Qurbec [A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds. Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.181～193
40 Perron G,Eaton D W,Elliot B,et al.Application of downhole seismic imaging to map near-vertical struc- tures:Normetal(Abitibi Greenstone Belt),Quebec [A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury M H,eds. Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003.194～206
41 Cosma C,Heikkinen P,Keskinen J.Multiazimuth VSP for rock characterization of deep nuclear waste disposal sites in Finland[A].In:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salis- bury M H,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration[C]. Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003. 207～225
42 Pretorius C C,Trewick W F,Fourie A,et al.Applica- tion of 3-D seismics to mine planning at Vaal Reefs gold mine,number 10 shaft,Republic of South Africa [J].Geophysics,2000,65(6):1862～1870
43 Greenhalgh S A,Mason L M,Sinadinovski C.In-mine seismic delineation of mineralization and rock structure ??[J].Geophysics,2000,65(6):1908～1919
44 Adam E,Milkereit B,Salmon B.3-D seismic explora- tion in the Val d'Or mining camp,Quebec[J].Ex- panded Abstracts of the 68~(th)Annual Internat SEG Meetingg,1998,638～641
45曾校丰,许维进,何文能．隐伏矿床的地震波动力学信息探测[J]．矿床地质,2002,21(1):91～96
46 Zhao Yonggui,Wang Chaofan,Chen Yanmin,et al. Seismic tomography and its application in mining[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1996,39(4):585～592
47 Drummond B J,Goleby B R,Owen A J,et al.Seismic reflection imaging of mineral systems:Three case histo- ries[J].Geophysics,2000,65(6):1852～1861
48 Joe Wong.Crosshole seismic imaging for sulfide ore- body delineation near Sudbury,Ontario,Canada[J]. Geophysics,2000,65(6):1900～1907
49吴如山,安艺敬一．地震波的散射与衰减[M]．李裕澈,卢寿德译．北京:地震出版社,1993．1～50
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心