孟加拉扇某区块地层层序划分及典型地震相识别
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摘要
研究区位于孟加拉扇某区块水深大于2000m的陆坡深水区,区内缺乏典型的层序地层界面。该文以层序地层学理论为指导,通过地震属性、分频、地震相等分析,开展了层序地层划分及沉积体的识别。依据深水沉积旋回在地震剖面上振幅特征的变化,进行了层序界面的识别,进而在等时层序地层格架内研究地震相及沉积相的分布特征,参考深水沉积相发育模式,并结合"U"形相、丘状相、强振幅平行相、中弱振幅平行相以及透明杂乱反射相等5种典型地震相的外部形态、发育位置等,认为各地震相分别对应水道、水道堤岸、浊积朵体、深海泥岩以及块状搬运复合体等沉积单元,并指出典型地震相的分布特征,可辅助地层层序的划分。
The study area is located in the deep-water area,with water depth beneath 2 000 m,so it is difficult to recognize the sequence boundary with the seismic termination.Based on sequence stratigraphy theory,seismic facies combining with seismic attribute and frequency division are applied to carry out the sequence stratigraphy division and deposition identification.According to the amplitude characteristics of deep water sedimentary cycles on seismic profiles,the sequence boundaries are identified.LST and T-HST developed in each third-order sequence.Characteristics of the seismic facies and the sedimentary facies are analyzed in the equitime sequence framework.Referred to the sedimentary facies model in the deep water,and integrated with the external configuration and the localization of the five typical seismic facies,it is regarded that the U-shaped facies,dome-shaped facies,parallel seismic facies with high amplitude,parallel seismic facies with mid-low amplitude and transparent and chaotic reflecting facies are respectively on behalf of incised channel,channel-levee complex,turbidite lobes,deep-water mudstone and mass-transport deposits.The distribution characteristics of the typical seismic facies are helpful to the recognition ofthe sequence boundaries.
The study area is located in the deep-water area,with water depth beneath 2 000 m,so it is difficult to recognize the sequence boundary with the seismic termination.Based on sequence stratigraphy theory,seismic facies combining with seismic attribute and frequency division are applied to carry out the sequence stratigraphy division and deposition identification.According to the amplitude characteristics of deep water sedimentary cycles on seismic profiles,the sequence boundaries are identified.LST and T-HST developed in each third-order sequence.Characteristics of the seismic facies and the sedimentary facies are analyzed in the equitime sequence framework.Referred to the sedimentary facies model in the deep water,and integrated with the external configuration and the localization of the five typical seismic facies,it is regarded that the U-shaped facies,dome-shaped facies,parallel seismic facies with high amplitude,parallel seismic facies with mid-low amplitude and transparent and chaotic reflecting facies are respectively on behalf of incised channel,channel-levee complex,turbidite lobes,deep-water mudstone and mass-transport deposits.The distribution characteristics of the typical seismic facies are helpful to the recognition ofthe sequence boundaries.
引文
[1]赵政璋,赵贤正,李景明,等.国外海洋深水油气勘探发展趋势及启示[J].中国石油勘探,2005,10(6):71-76.
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[6]王英民.对层序地层学工业化应用中层序分级混乱问题的讨论[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):9-15.
[7]周川,王英民,黄志超,等.澳大利亚北波拿巴盆地北部地区中生界层序地层与沉积相特征研究[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(3):56-59.
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[9]谢锐杰.东营凹陷民丰地区沙三下段层序地层与沉积相研究[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(3):39-43.
[10]李本才,孙凯,白洪彬,等.伊通盆地层序地层格架与层序构成分析[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(4):28-31.
[11]Schwenk T,SpieβV,Breitzke M,et al.The architecture and evolution of the Middle Bengal Fan in vicinity of the active channellevee system imaged by high-resolution seismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22:637-656.
[12]Bowman R M.Submarine fan and related depositional systemsⅡ:variability in reservoir architecture and wireline log character[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1998,15:821-839.
[13]Bowman R M,Reading H.Submarine fan systemsⅠ:Characteriza-tion and stratigraphic prediction[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1998,15:687-717.
[14]Posamentier H W,Kolla V.Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deepwater settings[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2003,73(3):367-388.
[15]李庆忠.近代河流沉积与地震地层学解释[J].石油物探,1994,33(2):26-41.
[16]Lopez M.Architecture and depositional pattern of the Quarternary deep-sea fan of the Amazon[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2001,18:479-486.
[17]Schwenk T,SpieβV,Breitzke M,et al.The architecture and evolution of the Middle Bengal Fan in vicinity of the active channellevee system imaged by high-resolution seismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22:637-656.
[18]Mutti E,Normark W R.An integrated approach to the study of turbidite systems[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1991:75-106.
[19]Deptuck M E,Steffans G S,Barton M,et al.Architecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts on the Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:649676.
[20]Weimer P,Slatt R M.Introduction to the petroleum geology of deepwater settings[M].AAPG/Datapages Tulsa,Oklahoma,USA:AAPG,2007:343-418.
[21]李磊,王英民,黄志超,等.尼日尔三角洲深水区层序地层及地震相研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):407-416.
[2]吕福亮,贺训云,武金云,等.世界深水油气勘探现状、发展趋势及对我国深水勘探的启示[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(6):2831.
[3]Curray J R,Emmel F G,Moore D G.The Bengal Fan:Morphology,geometry,stratigraphy,history and processes[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,19:1191-1223.
[4]Shannon P M,Stoker M S,Praeg D,et al.Sequence stratigraphic analysis in deep-water,underfilled NW European passive margin basins[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22:1185-1200.
[5]Weber M E,Wiedicke M H,Kudrass H R,et al.Active growth of the Bengal Fan during sea-level rise and highstan[J].Geology,1997,25(4):315-318.
[6]王英民.对层序地层学工业化应用中层序分级混乱问题的讨论[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):9-15.
[7]周川,王英民,黄志超,等.澳大利亚北波拿巴盆地北部地区中生界层序地层与沉积相特征研究[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(3):56-59.
[8]徐兆辉,刘震,王露,等.层序地层学在泰国湾盆地柬埔寨海域D区块的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(3):12-17.
[9]谢锐杰.东营凹陷民丰地区沙三下段层序地层与沉积相研究[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(3):39-43.
[10]李本才,孙凯,白洪彬,等.伊通盆地层序地层格架与层序构成分析[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(4):28-31.
[11]Schwenk T,SpieβV,Breitzke M,et al.The architecture and evolution of the Middle Bengal Fan in vicinity of the active channellevee system imaged by high-resolution seismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22:637-656.
[12]Bowman R M.Submarine fan and related depositional systemsⅡ:variability in reservoir architecture and wireline log character[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1998,15:821-839.
[13]Bowman R M,Reading H.Submarine fan systemsⅠ:Characteriza-tion and stratigraphic prediction[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1998,15:687-717.
[14]Posamentier H W,Kolla V.Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deepwater settings[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2003,73(3):367-388.
[15]李庆忠.近代河流沉积与地震地层学解释[J].石油物探,1994,33(2):26-41.
[16]Lopez M.Architecture and depositional pattern of the Quarternary deep-sea fan of the Amazon[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2001,18:479-486.
[17]Schwenk T,SpieβV,Breitzke M,et al.The architecture and evolution of the Middle Bengal Fan in vicinity of the active channellevee system imaged by high-resolution seismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22:637-656.
[18]Mutti E,Normark W R.An integrated approach to the study of turbidite systems[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1991:75-106.
[19]Deptuck M E,Steffans G S,Barton M,et al.Architecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts on the Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:649676.
[20]Weimer P,Slatt R M.Introduction to the petroleum geology of deepwater settings[M].AAPG/Datapages Tulsa,Oklahoma,USA:AAPG,2007:343-418.
[21]李磊,王英民,黄志超,等.尼日尔三角洲深水区层序地层及地震相研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):407-416.
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