西安市地热水开采的环境问题及对策研究
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摘要
1989年以来西安地区大量开采地下热水,采水量逐年增多,井水位也逐年降低。地热水的开采已引起了一些自然和工程地质环境问题,主要是环境污染,地面沉降和地裂缝活动的加剧,以及地震活动性的加剧。建议加强地下热水的动态监测和研究工作,合理开采,充分利用;采用热水回灌方法解决环境污染,减缓地面沉降、地面裂缝活动;研究热水回灌方法对西安及邻区地震活动性的影响。
A large quantity of geothermal water has been exploited since 1989 in Xi'an city,and the quantity of geothermal water exploitation has been increasing year by year.The well water level has been dropping year after year.The exploiting of geothermal has caused several natural and engineering geological environment problems.The main problems are environmental pollution,the intensifying of ground subsidence and ground fissures,and the intensifying of seismic activity.Finally,some suggestions are proposed for solving these problems in Xi'an city,including strengthening of dynamic monitoring and researching of geothermal water,reasonable mining and full use of geothermal water,and injecting geothermal tail water back into underground,which can completely solve the problem of environmental pollution,and also reduce the ground subsidence and the activity of ground fissures.And the influence of doing so to the seismic activity in Xi'an and its adjacent areas should be monitored and studied further.
A large quantity of geothermal water has been exploited since 1989 in Xi'an city,and the quantity of geothermal water exploitation has been increasing year by year.The well water level has been dropping year after year.The exploiting of geothermal has caused several natural and engineering geological environment problems.The main problems are environmental pollution,the intensifying of ground subsidence and ground fissures,and the intensifying of seismic activity.Finally,some suggestions are proposed for solving these problems in Xi'an city,including strengthening of dynamic monitoring and researching of geothermal water,reasonable mining and full use of geothermal water,and injecting geothermal tail water back into underground,which can completely solve the problem of environmental pollution,and also reduce the ground subsidence and the activity of ground fissures.And the influence of doing so to the seismic activity in Xi'an and its adjacent areas should be monitored and studied further.
引文
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[2]王卫东,彭建兵,张永志,等.西安市地热水开采现状及其环境问题[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(5):266-267.
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[6]申建梅,陈宗宇,张古彬.地热开发利用过程中的环境效应及环境保护[J].地球学报,1998,19(4):402-408.
[7]宋贯一,易立新,宋晓冰.地下热水对断裂活动与地震活动的影响研究[J].地震学报,2000,22(6):632-636.
[2]王卫东,彭建兵,张永志,等.西安市地热水开采现状及其环境问题[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(5):266-267.
[3]吴富春,宋立胜,王锋,等.西安市地热水开采的现状分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,29(1):72-74.
[4]Rybach L,Muffler L J P.地热系统--原理和典型地热系统分析[M].北京大学地质系地热研究室译.北京:地质出版社,1986.156-157.
[5]易学发,苏刚,王卫东,等.西安地裂缝带的基本特征与形成机制[J].地震地质,1997,19(4):289-295.
[6]申建梅,陈宗宇,张古彬.地热开发利用过程中的环境效应及环境保护[J].地球学报,1998,19(4):402-408.
[7]宋贯一,易立新,宋晓冰.地下热水对断裂活动与地震活动的影响研究[J].地震学报,2000,22(6):632-636.
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