干扰减振控制分析与应用实例
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摘要
分析了炮孔波形减振特征,提出了在相同炮孔地质特征区,对预定地域的最优化的有控干扰减振方法;以及双孔为组,组内爆破振动波时移主频半周起爆,孔间短延时最优干扰减振,为减弱波形随机变化的影响,组间合理长延时爆破的可靠起爆方案。提出了从实测多孔波中提取同区炮孔平均子波的"迭后减前"算法和提取子波收敛判据,由此可以从实测多孔波中,计算出真实的起爆间隔时间,炮孔相同波形子波,异频率子波和异振幅子波,为有控干扰减振和炮孔波形分区,准备了必要前提。工业性生产试验和台阶爆破开采结果表明,在炮孔具有前震相的近频衰减子波的易减振区,有前震相和次峰的衰减子波的可减振区,可以采用本文的干扰减振方法,将群孔的地震动降低到单孔爆破振动以下水平。在易减振区和可减振区,子波振幅比kt在1.0~0.6内变化,不会改变原相同子波的干扰减振效果;干扰两子波的主振相频率比kf在1.0~0.9内随机变化,也能干扰减振。
Analyzed characteristic of wave with blast-reduced vibration of blast hole,the method to optimistically control blast-reduced vibration at a predetermined location in same geological area of blastholes has been rainsed.The delayed blasting scheme is optimum,which detonation time of double blastholes in same group is delayed with half period from each other by short delayed ignition and longer delayed ignition between the groups should be reasonable to prevent effect on reducing reliably seism from circumstantial variety of wave.The averaged blasting wave of blastholes is extracted by calculating method "Repeatedly Subtract Front from Behind" and by discriminating with wave optimum collecting together.According to the method the actual delay interval,the equal wave of single blasthole,its wave of different frequency and the wave of different amplitude between double blastholes can be calculated by measuring wave of many blastholes,in order to prepare necessary premise to control blast-induced vibration and to divide different area of wave of single blasthole.Shown by industrial test and work a mine,in area to reduce seism easy,by blasthole in which blasting wave has waning characteristic with front vibrational phase and approximate frequency,and in area able to reduce seism,where blasting wave has waning characteristic with front vibrational phase and second-peak of approximate frequency,the method of controlling blast-induced vibration introduced by this paper will be adopted to reduce seism of many blastholes lower than single.If amplitude ratio kt of single blasthole wave varies between 1.0～0.6,in the area to reduce seism easy and able to reduce it the effect of seism reduced by disturbance will not be changed.If frequency ratio kfat main seismic phase between two waves disturbed varies within 1.0～0.9,in the area the effect of reducing seism still remains and its vibration is lower than single.
Analyzed characteristic of wave with blast-reduced vibration of blast hole,the method to optimistically control blast-reduced vibration at a predetermined location in same geological area of blastholes has been rainsed.The delayed blasting scheme is optimum,which detonation time of double blastholes in same group is delayed with half period from each other by short delayed ignition and longer delayed ignition between the groups should be reasonable to prevent effect on reducing reliably seism from circumstantial variety of wave.The averaged blasting wave of blastholes is extracted by calculating method "Repeatedly Subtract Front from Behind" and by discriminating with wave optimum collecting together.According to the method the actual delay interval,the equal wave of single blasthole,its wave of different frequency and the wave of different amplitude between double blastholes can be calculated by measuring wave of many blastholes,in order to prepare necessary premise to control blast-induced vibration and to divide different area of wave of single blasthole.Shown by industrial test and work a mine,in area to reduce seism easy,by blasthole in which blasting wave has waning characteristic with front vibrational phase and approximate frequency,and in area able to reduce seism,where blasting wave has waning characteristic with front vibrational phase and second-peak of approximate frequency,the method of controlling blast-induced vibration introduced by this paper will be adopted to reduce seism of many blastholes lower than single.If amplitude ratio kt of single blasthole wave varies between 1.0～0.6,in the area to reduce seism easy and able to reduce it the effect of seism reduced by disturbance will not be changed.If frequency ratio kfat main seismic phase between two waves disturbed varies within 1.0～0.9,in the area the effect of reducing seism still remains and its vibration is lower than single.
引文
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(5)孙丕强(译).采用地震波曲线模拟及新电子起爆系统预测和降低爆破振动[A].见:国外现代爆破技术文集[C],1996(4):65-79.
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(9)郭学彬,张继春,刘泉,蒲传金.微差爆破的波形叠加作用分析[J].爆破,2006,23(2):5-8.
(10)Kou S Q,Hoshino T,Mckinsey,Mogi G.Active Controlof Blast-Induced Vibration at a Predetermined Location.Vibrationer,2001,544,Fredrisson Anders,Stille H.kan,Clab etapp‖_Bergmekanisk utredning av stabili-teten och.
(11)山本雅胎,野田英宏,佐佐宏一.爆破方法.见:(12)发明专利说明书(专利号:97199355.6).北京:中华人民共和国国家知识产权局,2001,5,16公告.
(12)中国工程爆破协会.电算精确延时干扰减震爆破技术.北京:国家科学技术委员会,中爆协鉴字[2004]第13号,2004,7,10.
(13)魏晓林.电算精确延时干扰减震爆破方法.见:(12)发明专利说明书(专利号:ZL200410052569.9).北京:中华人民共和国国家知识产权局,2008,6,18公告.
(14)郑炳旭,王永庆,李萍丰.建设工程台阶爆破[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.
(15)尚晓江,丁桦.爆破近区地质结构特征对震动信号传播的影响研究[J].工程爆破,2005,11(3):57-61.
(16)田振农.节理岩体中爆炸效应的离散元数值模拟及实验研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文,2007.
(2)张志呈.微差爆破的地震效应[J].四川冶金,1992(2):5-9.
(3)冯叔瑜,马乃耀.爆破工程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,180.
(4)张志呈.爆破基础理论与设计施工技术[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1994.
(5)孙丕强(译).采用地震波曲线模拟及新电子起爆系统预测和降低爆破振动[A].见:国外现代爆破技术文集[C],1996(4):65-79.
(6)Blair D P.减小采矿爆破引起的城区住宅震动[A].见:第四届国际岩石爆破破碎学术会议论文集[C].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995,113-120.
(7)Felice J J.降低振动波和空气冲击波强度的应用模型[A].见:第四届国际岩石爆破破碎学术会议论文集[C].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995,148-155.
(8)王林.微差爆破中合理微差间隔时间的研究[J].爆破器材,1995,24(1):22-24.
(9)郭学彬,张继春,刘泉,蒲传金.微差爆破的波形叠加作用分析[J].爆破,2006,23(2):5-8.
(10)Kou S Q,Hoshino T,Mckinsey,Mogi G.Active Controlof Blast-Induced Vibration at a Predetermined Location.Vibrationer,2001,544,Fredrisson Anders,Stille H.kan,Clab etapp‖_Bergmekanisk utredning av stabili-teten och.
(11)山本雅胎,野田英宏,佐佐宏一.爆破方法.见:(12)发明专利说明书(专利号:97199355.6).北京:中华人民共和国国家知识产权局,2001,5,16公告.
(12)中国工程爆破协会.电算精确延时干扰减震爆破技术.北京:国家科学技术委员会,中爆协鉴字[2004]第13号,2004,7,10.
(13)魏晓林.电算精确延时干扰减震爆破方法.见:(12)发明专利说明书(专利号:ZL200410052569.9).北京:中华人民共和国国家知识产权局,2008,6,18公告.
(14)郑炳旭,王永庆,李萍丰.建设工程台阶爆破[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.
(15)尚晓江,丁桦.爆破近区地质结构特征对震动信号传播的影响研究[J].工程爆破,2005,11(3):57-61.
(16)田振农.节理岩体中爆炸效应的离散元数值模拟及实验研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文,2007.
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