城市公共绿地的应急避难功能——基于GIS的格局优化研究
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摘要
为推动城市公共绿地应急避险功能格局的优化,应用GIS的空间分析技术,对长沙市第五次人口普查数据进行了空间分布化,并通过人口密度分布与公共绿地缓冲区的叠加分析,对其人口服务辐射能力进行了探索研究。运用GIS与元胞自动机相结合的方法,构建2015年人口空间分布模型和交通流量综合预测系统模型,从城市均衡发展以及最大限度发挥城市公共绿地防灾避难功能的角度,对公共绿地合理的服务半径和空间布局进行研究。结果显示:(1)2005年长沙市市区内公共绿地缓冲区覆盖范围总计为113.54km2,约占长沙市市区总面积的20.5%,存在440.46km2的服务盲区;人口服务总数为49.59万人,辐射能力较弱。(2)考虑人口服务辐射能力和交通疏散能力两方面因素,从长沙城市发展和均衡的角度,结合城市交通规划,建议选择30处绿地作为应急避险绿地,组成放射形疏散主通道网。(3)依据源-汇-流思路,构建2015年长沙公共绿地的应急避难功能格局,使其公共绿地人口服务辐射能力达到60%以上。
In order to promote the optimization of emergency refuge function pattern of the public green space system,this paper applies the function of spatial analysis of ArcGIS to deal with the fifth census data for Changsha,and on the basis of population density distribution and public green space buffer zone,the population service radiation capability of the urban public green space was studied.Combined with the GIS and CA,this subject established the spatial distribution model of population and the traffic flow prediction model for the year 2015.From the perspective of balanced development of cities and maximization of disaster prevention functions of urban public green space,the reasonable service radius and distribution of public green space were identified.The result shows:(1)the buffer zone of public green space is 113.54km2 in the urban range of Changsha in 2005,covering 20.5% of the total urban area,but the uncovered service space is 440.46km2,and the total service population is 495.9 thousands,the population service radiation capability is weak;(2)considering the factors of population service radiation capability and traffic evacuation capacity,from the perspective of the balanced development of the city,combined with the urban traffic planning,the paper suggests to select 30 green spaces as disaster-proof to compose the radial road network for evacuation;(3)establishment of emergency refuge function pattern according to thinking above is hopeful for increasing the population service radiation capability to more than 60% in Changsha in 2015.
In order to promote the optimization of emergency refuge function pattern of the public green space system,this paper applies the function of spatial analysis of ArcGIS to deal with the fifth census data for Changsha,and on the basis of population density distribution and public green space buffer zone,the population service radiation capability of the urban public green space was studied.Combined with the GIS and CA,this subject established the spatial distribution model of population and the traffic flow prediction model for the year 2015.From the perspective of balanced development of cities and maximization of disaster prevention functions of urban public green space,the reasonable service radius and distribution of public green space were identified.The result shows:(1)the buffer zone of public green space is 113.54km2 in the urban range of Changsha in 2005,covering 20.5% of the total urban area,but the uncovered service space is 440.46km2,and the total service population is 495.9 thousands,the population service radiation capability is weak;(2)considering the factors of population service radiation capability and traffic evacuation capacity,from the perspective of the balanced development of the city,combined with the urban traffic planning,the paper suggests to select 30 green spaces as disaster-proof to compose the radial road network for evacuation;(3)establishment of emergency refuge function pattern according to thinking above is hopeful for increasing the population service radiation capability to more than 60% in Changsha in 2015.
引文
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[2]谢军飞,李延明,李树华.北京城市公园绿地应急避难功能布局研究[J].中国园林,2007(7):23-27.
[3]关于加强城市绿地系统建设提高城市防灾避险能力的意见(建城[2008]171号)[EB/OL].(2008-09-19)[2008-11-10].
[4]许浩.国外城市绿地系统规划[M].北京:中国建设工业出版社,2003.
[5]雷芸.阪神.淡路大地震后日本城市防灾公园的规划与建设[J].中国园林,2007(7):13-15.
[6]邱巧玲,古德泉.国内外防灾绿地之比较我国城市避灾绿地的规划建设[J].中国园林,2008(12)71～75.
[7]韩淑芸.北京19处应急避难场所将于年底建成[J].城市与防灾.2004,(4):47-48.
[8]马亚杰,苏幼坡,刘瑞兴.城市防灾公园的安全评价[J].安全与环境工程,2005,12(12):50-52.
[9]李团胜,石玉琼.景观生态学[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2009.
[10]齐瑜.北京市应急避难场所规划与建设[J].中国减灾,2005,3:34-36.
[11]方婧.城市绿地防灾避险功能研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2009.
[12]Nicholls S.Measuring the accessibility and equity of public parks:A case study using GIS[J].Managing Leisure,2001,6:201-219.
[13]Gatrell A.Density estimation and the visualization of point patterns[C]//Visualization in Geographical Information Systems.New York:[s.l.]1994.65-75.
[14]尹海伟.城市开敞空间——格局.可达性.宜人性[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2008:83-85.
[15]张璐璐.基于遥感和GIS的城市公共绿地服务功能评价[D].上海:华东师范大学,2009.
[16]长沙市统计局.长沙市统计年鉴(2009)[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2009.
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