福建沿海地区主要海洋灾害类型及其防灾建议
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摘要
根据福建沿海地区的地质地貌及气候的特点,综合分析了危害福建沿海的海洋灾害类型,主要有海洋地质灾害、气候灾害和生态灾害等三种类型。地质灾害主要包括地震和活动断层、海岸侵蚀、港口淤积;气候灾害主要为台风风暴潮;生态灾害主要为赤潮。提出相应的防灾建议:(1)注重海洋灾害的调查研究,进行海洋灾害填图和近海地质填图;(2)主动预防风暴潮,建设防护坝和营造防护林;(3)严格控制污染物排放;(4)建立海岸带生态防护网,确保生态环境的整体平衡。
Marine disasters are harmful to the development of economy and society of coastal zone.Fujian province has long coastline and broad coastal zone,where marine resources development and marine economy have been blocked by marine disasters and incalculable loss was caused.The article analyses the characteristics of geology and climate of coastal zone in Fujian province,by virtue of the data from correlative research,the main kinds of marine disasters in Fujian coastal zone expounded,there are three kinds disasters: the first kind is marine geological disaster,including earthquake in the sea,seacoast collapse,beach erosion,sea level rise and so on,the second is caused by climate which mainly includes typhoon,storm surge,and the third kind includes red tide,biological invasions,reclamation of coastal wetlands etc.At the end of the article,some suggestions are brought forward: the study of the marine disaster is first important;strictly control the discharge of pollutants discharge;establishment of coastal eco-protection.
Marine disasters are harmful to the development of economy and society of coastal zone.Fujian province has long coastline and broad coastal zone,where marine resources development and marine economy have been blocked by marine disasters and incalculable loss was caused.The article analyses the characteristics of geology and climate of coastal zone in Fujian province,by virtue of the data from correlative research,the main kinds of marine disasters in Fujian coastal zone expounded,there are three kinds disasters: the first kind is marine geological disaster,including earthquake in the sea,seacoast collapse,beach erosion,sea level rise and so on,the second is caused by climate which mainly includes typhoon,storm surge,and the third kind includes red tide,biological invasions,reclamation of coastal wetlands etc.At the end of the article,some suggestions are brought forward: the study of the marine disaster is first important;strictly control the discharge of pollutants discharge;establishment of coastal eco-protection.
引文
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[2]马振兴,王杰.天津滨海地区自然灾害及减灾对策[J].天津师大学报,1997,17(1):59-63.
[3]刘以宣.华南沿海的活动断裂[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1985,5(3):12-21.
[4]李培英,杜军,等.中国海岸带灾害地质特征及评价[M].海洋出版社,2007,141-143.
[5]杨华庭,张宝元,张家诚,等.中国气象洪涝海洋灾害[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,1998,302~307.
[6]黄庆福.加强海洋灾害地质学研究,减少海洋工程灾害[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,13(4):99~104.
[7]WANG Aijun,GAO Shu.Reclamation of coastal wet-lands and sustainable utilization of wetland resources:acase study fromwanggang,Jiangsu province[J].Jour-nal of Natural Resource,2005,20(6):822-830.
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