基于波动理论的地震观测系统设计
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摘要
基于波动方程的照明分析可以直观地反映在确定的地震观测系统下地下介质中地震波能量的分布,但是难以深入分析弱照明区域的成因并提出解决措施.针对该问题,提出一种新的复杂构造地区地震观测系统设计方法.利用波动方程照明技术定量评价不同观测系统在目标层的照明能量分布;通过波动方程正演模拟分析目标层位弱照明的成因,提出针对性的解决措施;对模拟数据的叠前深度偏移成像结果进行定量分析,优选最有利于成像处理的观测参数.将该方法应用于ZB地区逆掩推覆构造模型,结果表明,在该地区8km的排列长度最有利于提高信噪比;在地面30.0～30.5km进行炮点加密,并采用6km的排列长度进行接收,可以明显改善弱照明区域的成像质量.
Wave equation based illumination analysis can directly give the seismic wave energy distribution in subsurface for a given seismic geometry,but it cannot deeply analyze the cause to the weak illumination zone,or give solutions.A new seismic survey design method for complex structural area was presented.The illumination energy distribution in target layer was evaluated by using the wave equation illumination method;the causes to the weak illumination were analyzed by using wave equation forward modeling,and efficient solutions were presented;the best acquisition parameters were selected according to a quantitative comparison between different prestack depth migration results of the modeling data.Application of this method for overthrust nappe structural model in ZB area showed that a spread length of 8 km is optimal to improve the signal noise ratio in this area;to add shot points in the range of 30.0 — 30.5 km on the ground and receive by 6 km spread length can noticeably improve the imaging quality of the weak illumination zone.
Wave equation based illumination analysis can directly give the seismic wave energy distribution in subsurface for a given seismic geometry,but it cannot deeply analyze the cause to the weak illumination zone,or give solutions.A new seismic survey design method for complex structural area was presented.The illumination energy distribution in target layer was evaluated by using the wave equation illumination method;the causes to the weak illumination were analyzed by using wave equation forward modeling,and efficient solutions were presented;the best acquisition parameters were selected according to a quantitative comparison between different prestack depth migration results of the modeling data.Application of this method for overthrust nappe structural model in ZB area showed that a spread length of 8 km is optimal to improve the signal noise ratio in this area;to add shot points in the range of 30.0 — 30.5 km on the ground and receive by 6 km spread length can noticeably improve the imaging quality of the weak illumination zone.
引文
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[10]董良国,吴晓丰,唐海忠,等.逆掩推覆构造的地震波照明与观测系统优化[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):40-47.DONG Liang-guo,WU Xiao-feng,TANG Hai-zhong,et al.Seismic wave illumination for overthrust nappe structures and opti mal seismic survey design[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(1):40-47.
[2]吕公河,尹成,周星合,等.基于采集目标的地震照明度的精确模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):258-261.LV Gong-he,YIN Cheng,ZHOU Xing-he,et al.Pre-cious si mulation of seismic illumination based on acquired targets[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(3):258-261.
[3]李万万.基于波动方程正演的地震观测系统设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):134-141.LI Wan-wan.Design of seismic geometry based on wave equation forward si mulation[J].Oil Geophysical Pros-pecting,2008,43(2):134-141.
[4]尹吴海,甄文胜,魏国显,等.三维地震采集观测系统设计技术:以柴达木盆地西部地区为例[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(2):111-118.YIN Wu-hai,ZHEN Wen-sheng,WEI Guo-xian,et al.Case study of3-D geometry design in Qnidam Basin[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,30(2):111-118.
[5]XIE Xiao-bi,JIN Sheng-wen,WU Ru-shan.Three-di mensional illumination analysis using wave equation based propagator[C]∥Expanded Abstracts of73rd SEG Annual International Meeting.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2003:989-992.
[6]LUO Ming-qiu,CAOJun,XIE Xiao-bi,et al.Compari-son of illumination analyses using one-way and full-wave propagators[C]∥Expanded Abstracts of74th SEG An-nual International Meeting.Tulsa:Society of Explora-tion Geophysicists,2004:67-70.
[7]董良国,马在田,曹景忠.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分法稳定性研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(6):856-864.DONG Liang-guo,MA Zai-tian,CAO Jing-zhong.A staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophys-ics,2000,43(6):856-864.
[8]陈生昌,马在田.叠前时间偏移的广义屏方法[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2008,42(6):1097-1100.CHEN Sheng-chang,MA Zai-tian.Generalized screen method for prestack ti me migration[J].Journal of Zhe-jiang University:Engineering Science,2008,42(6):1097-1100.
[9]陈生昌,马在田.波动方程的高阶广义频叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1445-1451.CHEN Sheng-chang,MA Zai-tian.High order general-ized screen propagator for wave equation prestack depth migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1445-1451.
[10]董良国,吴晓丰,唐海忠,等.逆掩推覆构造的地震波照明与观测系统优化[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):40-47.DONG Liang-guo,WU Xiao-feng,TANG Hai-zhong,et al.Seismic wave illumination for overthrust nappe structures and opti mal seismic survey design[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(1):40-47.
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