试论中国内陆板块运动演化及与地震的关系
|
摘要
看似杂乱的中国构造形迹应是受2次大的板块运动作用形成的。第1次是西伯利亚板块运动从加里东期开始由北向南移动,大致形成山脉—盆地(海洋)相间的向南突出的巨大弧形,弧心在贝加尔一带,弧顶南部到泰国一带;西翼为北西向,从阿尔泰山到兴都库什一带;东翼为北东向,从大兴安岭到华南一带,将两翼遗留形迹与弧心联系勾画出向南突出的理想弧形,推测这个弧形是印度板块运动前的中国构造形态。第2次是印度板块运动从喜马拉雅期开始至今,其规模小于西伯利亚板块运动,从兴都库什到南北构造带之间向北推挤,使原先的西伯利亚南突弧弧顶和西翼发生巨大的变化,2次运动使中国构造极为复杂。按受印度板块影响程度可以将中国现今构造形迹分为3种类型:①未受或较少受印度板块影响还保留着西伯利亚南突大弧的构造形迹,主要是阿尔泰—中蒙边境—大兴安岭弧形(蒙古弧)和华南地区北东向构造;②受印度板块运动影响最强烈的地区,已经看不出原先西伯利亚板块构造,主要是青藏高原、昆仑山地区;③受印度板块影响产生了巨大的变化但是仍然保留西伯利亚板块运动的痕迹,主要是中国西部和华北地区。概括中国现今构造特征:2次板块运动、3种构造类型,从成因上讲是,一定方向、一定宽度的地幔流动带动地壳移动是形成、移动地表构造的本质。
The seemingly unorderly structural configuration in China was shaped mainly by two large structural movements.The first,beginning in Caledonian period,is the Siberia plate's movement from north to south.In general,a huge southward arc,including mountain-basin and ocean,is formed.The arc's focus lies in Baikal belt.The arc's coping reaches to Thailand.The west slope is NW,from Altay to Hindu Kush belt,and the east slope is NE,from Greater Hinggan Mountains to South China.The remaining configuration of the two slopes and the arc focus draw the outline of ideal southward arc.It is speculated that the arc may be Chinese structural shape before India plate movement.The second is India plate movement since Himalayan period,smaller than Siberia plate movement.The northward squeezing,from Hindu Kush to SN structural belts,makes the coping and west slope of the southward arc formed in Siberia plate period greatly changed.Two movements shape the greatly complex structure in China.Based on the influencing degree of India plate,Chinese structural configuration could be divided into three types.① These,not or slightly suffering from India plate and remaining the structural configuration of Siberia southward arc,are Altay-China and Mongolia boundary-Greater Hinggan arc(Mongolia arc) and South Chinese NE structures.② Qinghai-Tibet plateau and Kunlun Mountain,where is not the former Siberia plate structural any more,suffer from India plate movement greatly.③ Although great changes have taken place due to India plate's influence,the traces of Siberia plate movement are reserved,which are the west of China and North China.Two plate movements shape the structural physiognomy form of China.The structural characteristic can be summed up to two plate movements and three structural types.Considering the cause of formation,that the mantle asthenosphere's movement with certain direction and width brings the crust' movement is the essence of the earth's surface structure forming and moving.
The seemingly unorderly structural configuration in China was shaped mainly by two large structural movements.The first,beginning in Caledonian period,is the Siberia plate's movement from north to south.In general,a huge southward arc,including mountain-basin and ocean,is formed.The arc's focus lies in Baikal belt.The arc's coping reaches to Thailand.The west slope is NW,from Altay to Hindu Kush belt,and the east slope is NE,from Greater Hinggan Mountains to South China.The remaining configuration of the two slopes and the arc focus draw the outline of ideal southward arc.It is speculated that the arc may be Chinese structural shape before India plate movement.The second is India plate movement since Himalayan period,smaller than Siberia plate movement.The northward squeezing,from Hindu Kush to SN structural belts,makes the coping and west slope of the southward arc formed in Siberia plate period greatly changed.Two movements shape the greatly complex structure in China.Based on the influencing degree of India plate,Chinese structural configuration could be divided into three types.① These,not or slightly suffering from India plate and remaining the structural configuration of Siberia southward arc,are Altay-China and Mongolia boundary-Greater Hinggan arc(Mongolia arc) and South Chinese NE structures.② Qinghai-Tibet plateau and Kunlun Mountain,where is not the former Siberia plate structural any more,suffer from India plate movement greatly.③ Although great changes have taken place due to India plate's influence,the traces of Siberia plate movement are reserved,which are the west of China and North China.Two plate movements shape the structural physiognomy form of China.The structural characteristic can be summed up to two plate movements and three structural types.Considering the cause of formation,that the mantle asthenosphere's movement with certain direction and width brings the crust' movement is the essence of the earth's surface structure forming and moving.
引文
[1]中国地质科学研究院.亚洲地质图(1∶5 000 000)[M].北京:地图出版社,1975.
[2]任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,等.中国大地构造及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:1-124.
[3]邓起东,冉永康,杨小平,等.中国活动构造图[M].北京:地震出版社,2007.
[4]时振梁,赵荣国,王淑贞,等.世界地震目录[M].北京:地图出版社,1986.
[5]国家地震局震害防御司.全球重大在灾害性地震目录[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.
[6]新疆维吾尔自治区地震局.富蕴地震断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1985.
[7]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1 066-1 073.
[8]国家地震局阿尔金活动断裂带课题组.阿尔金活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[2]任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,等.中国大地构造及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:1-124.
[3]邓起东,冉永康,杨小平,等.中国活动构造图[M].北京:地震出版社,2007.
[4]时振梁,赵荣国,王淑贞,等.世界地震目录[M].北京:地图出版社,1986.
[5]国家地震局震害防御司.全球重大在灾害性地震目录[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.
[6]新疆维吾尔自治区地震局.富蕴地震断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1985.
[7]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1 066-1 073.
[8]国家地震局阿尔金活动断裂带课题组.阿尔金活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心