强震作用下层状岩质斜坡破坏的大型振动台试验研究
|
摘要
以"5.12"汶川地震背景为基础,对不同岩性组合水平层状岩质边坡进行了大型振动台模型试验研究。文中介绍了振动台试验过程,通过对试验现象的观察处理分析,考察了边坡的破坏现象特征、变形破坏模式。实验结果表明,地震力作用下边坡的变形破坏程度、特征以及稳定性不仅与地震波的类型、加载方向、频率、振幅有关,同时还受边坡的岩体性质、高程、微地貌、结构面等地质因素控制,对于同一岩性组合边坡,在同种地震波和等振幅作用下,合成向ZX向、X向和Z向激振对边坡的破坏性依次增强;在等振幅和激振方向下,正弦波15Hz、10Hz和天然地震波对边坡的破坏性依次减弱;随着振幅增加,各种地震波对边坡的破坏程度加剧。水平层状岩质边坡破坏主要发生在顶部尤其是靠近坡肩部位,其破坏受层面控制。在地震作用下呈拉裂-剪切-滑移式破坏。在相同地震波作用下,上软下硬边坡先于上硬下软边坡破坏,大振幅作用时顶层岩体震碎呈散体状滑落,形成滑坡;而上硬下软边坡破坏主要是岩层后缘拉裂后整体剪切错动,最终形成崩塌。
Based on the background of "5.12 Wenchuan earthquake",a large shaking-table model test was done to study the horizontal stratified rock slopes with different lithology.The process of shaking table test is introduced in this paper.Through observing,handling and analyzing the testing phenomenon,the failure characteristics and deformation failure of slope were studied.The results show that deformation failure degree,characteristics and stability of slope under seismic force not only have something to do with type,loading direction,frequency and amplitude of seismic ground motion,but also are controlled by some geological factors,such as rock nature,elevation,micro-geomorphology and structural plane of slope.Under the effect of same seismic ground motion,for the same rock slope,the destruction of synthesis of excitations in ZX-direction,X-direction and Z-direction at the slope became stronger successively.When the direction and the amplitude of the excitations were the same,the destruction of 10Hz,15Hz sine wave and natural seismic wave became weaker successively.As the amplitude increased,the destruction degrees of various seismic waves to the slope became stronger.The failure of stratified rock slope was mainly caused on the top,especially at the place close to the slope shoulder,and it was controlled by the layers in the way of tension-shear-slip.Under the same seismic wave,the failure of the slope,which was soft in the upper portion and hard in the lower protion,happened earlier than the slope,which was hard in the upper portion and soft in the lower portion.The rock on the top crept down in pieces under the effect of great amplitude vibration and then the landslide occurred.However,the failure of the slope,which was hard in the upper portion and soft in the lower portion,was sheared and dislocated as a whole after the crack of the rock stratum,and was collapsed finally.
Based on the background of "5.12 Wenchuan earthquake",a large shaking-table model test was done to study the horizontal stratified rock slopes with different lithology.The process of shaking table test is introduced in this paper.Through observing,handling and analyzing the testing phenomenon,the failure characteristics and deformation failure of slope were studied.The results show that deformation failure degree,characteristics and stability of slope under seismic force not only have something to do with type,loading direction,frequency and amplitude of seismic ground motion,but also are controlled by some geological factors,such as rock nature,elevation,micro-geomorphology and structural plane of slope.Under the effect of same seismic ground motion,for the same rock slope,the destruction of synthesis of excitations in ZX-direction,X-direction and Z-direction at the slope became stronger successively.When the direction and the amplitude of the excitations were the same,the destruction of 10Hz,15Hz sine wave and natural seismic wave became weaker successively.As the amplitude increased,the destruction degrees of various seismic waves to the slope became stronger.The failure of stratified rock slope was mainly caused on the top,especially at the place close to the slope shoulder,and it was controlled by the layers in the way of tension-shear-slip.Under the same seismic wave,the failure of the slope,which was soft in the upper portion and hard in the lower protion,happened earlier than the slope,which was hard in the upper portion and soft in the lower portion.The rock on the top crept down in pieces under the effect of great amplitude vibration and then the landslide occurred.However,the failure of the slope,which was hard in the upper portion and soft in the lower portion,was sheared and dislocated as a whole after the crack of the rock stratum,and was collapsed finally.
引文
[1]黄润秋.“5.12”汶川大地震地质灾害与地质环境概况[A]宋胜武.汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:155-158.
[2]许强,黄润秋.“5.12”汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.
[3]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2586-2591.
[4]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):625-631.
[5]Meei-Ling Lin,Kuo-Lung Wang.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J],Engineering Geology,2006,86:118?133.
[6]冯文凯,许强,黄润秋.斜坡震裂变形力学机制初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):3124-3110.
[7]孔宪京,李永胜,邹德高,等.加筋边坡振动台模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,28(5):153-156.
[8]梁庆国,韩文峰,马润勇,等.强地震动作用下层状岩体破坏的物理模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(8):1307-1311.
[9]陈国兴,庄海洋,程绍革,等.土-地铁隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台试验试验方案设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,26(6):179-180.
[10]王存玉,王思敬.边坡模型振动试验研究.岩体工程地质力学问题(七)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[11]袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型试验[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1998.
[12]杨俊杰.相似理论与结构模型试验[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2005.
[13]王雪亮,陆岩.量纲分析法在结构动力试验中的应用[J].国外建材科技,2008,29(1):115-117.
[14]许强,刘汉香,邹威,等.斜坡加速度动力响应特性的大型振动台试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2420-2428.
[15]肖树芳,杨淑碧.岩体力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.
[16]许向宁.高地震烈度区山体变形破裂机制地质分析与地质力学模拟研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2006.
[17]许强,裴向军,黄润秋.汶川地震大型滑坡研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[2]许强,黄润秋.“5.12”汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.
[3]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2586-2591.
[4]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):625-631.
[5]Meei-Ling Lin,Kuo-Lung Wang.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J],Engineering Geology,2006,86:118?133.
[6]冯文凯,许强,黄润秋.斜坡震裂变形力学机制初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):3124-3110.
[7]孔宪京,李永胜,邹德高,等.加筋边坡振动台模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,28(5):153-156.
[8]梁庆国,韩文峰,马润勇,等.强地震动作用下层状岩体破坏的物理模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(8):1307-1311.
[9]陈国兴,庄海洋,程绍革,等.土-地铁隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台试验试验方案设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,26(6):179-180.
[10]王存玉,王思敬.边坡模型振动试验研究.岩体工程地质力学问题(七)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[11]袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型试验[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1998.
[12]杨俊杰.相似理论与结构模型试验[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2005.
[13]王雪亮,陆岩.量纲分析法在结构动力试验中的应用[J].国外建材科技,2008,29(1):115-117.
[14]许强,刘汉香,邹威,等.斜坡加速度动力响应特性的大型振动台试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2420-2428.
[15]肖树芳,杨淑碧.岩体力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.
[16]许向宁.高地震烈度区山体变形破裂机制地质分析与地质力学模拟研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2006.
[17]许强,裴向军,黄润秋.汶川地震大型滑坡研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心