塔里木盆地热演化
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摘要
选择了塔里木盆地１１条地震解释剖面，采用二维模拟方法，结合构造演化特征，恢复了震旦纪以来的地热史和生烃 史。部分井点的结果对比显示，模拟结果与实测数据基本一致。研究表明，震旦纪至现今的热演化可分为四个阶段：即震旦 纪一奥陶纪高热流（“热盆”）热演化阶段；志留纪至晚古生代热衰减、“热盆”向“冷盆”过渡的热演化阶段；中生代稳定热演 化（低热流“冷盆”）阶段；新生代岩石圈挠曲热演化阶段。模拟了塔里木盆地内三大套生油岩系的生烃史，并结合构造演化 史分析了油气聚集的有利地区和构造带。
Thermal evolution, including Palaeotemperature, palaeoheat-flow and hydrocarbon generation history, is simulated from Sinian to the current by 2-D numerical method based on the tectonic along 11 seismic profiles in Tarim Basin. At several well locations, the simulation results match the measured data well. It is indicated that the thermal evolution from Sinian to the current in Tarim Basin can be divided into four stages. (1 )High heat flow (hot basin)thermal evolution from Sinian to Ordovician; (2)Thermal decline from Silurian to later Paleozoic, being 'hot basin' to 'cool basin' 4 (3) The stable thermal evolution (cool basin) in Mesozoic; (4)Thermal evolution of the lithosphere flexibility in Cenozoic. Furthermore, the hydrocarbon generation histories in the three source rocks in Tarim Basin are simulated, and the prospecting accumulations in favorable areas are analyzed taking account of the tectonic evolution.
Thermal evolution, including Palaeotemperature, palaeoheat-flow and hydrocarbon generation history, is simulated from Sinian to the current by 2-D numerical method based on the tectonic along 11 seismic profiles in Tarim Basin. At several well locations, the simulation results match the measured data well. It is indicated that the thermal evolution from Sinian to the current in Tarim Basin can be divided into four stages. (1 )High heat flow (hot basin)thermal evolution from Sinian to Ordovician; (2)Thermal decline from Silurian to later Paleozoic, being 'hot basin' to 'cool basin' 4 (3) The stable thermal evolution (cool basin) in Mesozoic; (4)Thermal evolution of the lithosphere flexibility in Cenozoic. Furthermore, the hydrocarbon generation histories in the three source rocks in Tarim Basin are simulated, and the prospecting accumulations in favorable areas are analyzed taking account of the tectonic evolution.
引文
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[12]贾承造主编.中国塔里本盆地构造特征与油气[M」.北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[13]Li Cheng,Wang Liangshu and Shi Yangshen. Thermal structure of the lithosphere in geoscience transect of Lingbi-Fengxian (HQ-13), EastChina[J]. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1995, 4(3): 381-387.
[14]李成,王良书,施央申.下扬子区深部热状态与岩石圈厚度[J].南京大学学报,1996,32(3):494～499.
[15]王良书,李成,施央申.下扬子区地温场和大地热流密度分布[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(4):470～476.
[2] Hellinger S J. et al. Evolution of sedimentary basins[J]. J. G. R Vol. 88,B10, 1983: 8251-8269.
[3] Wernicke Brian. Extensional structure modeling[J]. J. Struct. Geol, 1982, 4 (2)
[4] Houseman G and England P C. A dynamical model of lithosphere extension and sedimentary basin formation[J]. J. Geophys. Res.,Vol. 91,1986: 719-729.
[5]王良书,李成,施央申.塔里木盆地热流密度分布特征[J].地球物理学报1995,38(6):855～856.
[6]王良书,李成,施央申.塔里木盆地岩石层热结构特征[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(6):794～803.
[7] Mcdonald A E. et al. A simulator for the computation of Paleotemperatures during basin evolution[A]. In:Thermal History of SedimentaryBasins[M]. Naeser, N. D.,et al (ed.), 1989:269-276.
[8]Tissot B P. Welte D H. Petroleum formation and Occurrence[M]. 2nd edn. Springer,Berlin, 1984.
[9] Waples D W. Time and temperature in petroleum formation, application of Lopatin's method to petroleum exploration [J]. AAPG, Vol. 64,1980: 916-926.
[10] Wood D A. Relationships between thermal maturation indexes calculated using Arrhenius equation and Lopatin method[J]:implications forpetroleum exploration. AAPG, Vol. 72, 1988,115-134.
[11] Sweeney J J and Burnbam A K. Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics[J]. AAPG,Vol. 74, 1990:1559-1570.
[12]贾承造主编.中国塔里本盆地构造特征与油气[M」.北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[13]Li Cheng,Wang Liangshu and Shi Yangshen. Thermal structure of the lithosphere in geoscience transect of Lingbi-Fengxian (HQ-13), EastChina[J]. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1995, 4(3): 381-387.
[14]李成,王良书,施央申.下扬子区深部热状态与岩石圈厚度[J].南京大学学报,1996,32(3):494～499.
[15]王良书,李成,施央申.下扬子区地温场和大地热流密度分布[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(4):470～476.
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