无反射递推算法叠后逆时偏移的研究与应用
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摘要
偏移成像是地震数据处理的重要环节之一,传统的偏移方法主要有基于克希霍夫积分法和基于波动方程两种。克希霍夫积分法射线追踪困难,复杂介质中存在焦散、多重路径的缺陷以及高倾角构造成像精度低的问题。传统的偏移方法都是按深度外推计算的,而逆时偏移则是在时间轴上实现外推,可以看作反时间方向的正演模拟过程。传统的基于波动方程的偏移成像方法都是基于单程波实现的,而逆时偏移则基于全波(双程波)方程。逆时偏移结果是上行波传播时间等于零时的空间域地震波场,相当于在地下的地层界面上进行观测的结果。逆时偏移不存在倾角限制问题,理论上可以适用于速度任意变化的模型。本文从叠后逆时偏移出发,对无反射递推算法叠后逆时偏移技术做了较深入的探讨,并将该技术应用于模型数据处理和实际资料处理中,均取得了很好的效果。
The migration imaging is one of the most important link of seismic data processing methods. The traditional migration methods are mainly Kirchhoff method and wave equation. Kirchhoff method has difficulties in ray tracing, and presents caustic and multi-path in complicated medium, and it also fails to deal with steep subsurface structures. The conventional migration methods are all extrapolated along the depth direction, however, reverse time migration extrapolates along time axis, it can be treated as the reverse processing of forward modeling. Compared with other one way wave migration imaging methods, the reverse time migration uses two-way wave equation to reconstruct the wave field. The poststack reverse time migration uses the up wave propagation time equals zero-time space domain seismic wave field,which is corresponding to the result observed from the subsurface formation interface. The reverse time migration doesn’t have angle limited problem and it can be used for the velocity arbitrary variation model in theory. The research studies from poststack reverse time migration and rather deeply discusses reflectionless recursive algorithm. It has achieved a good effect applied in model data processing and real data processing.
The migration imaging is one of the most important link of seismic data processing methods. The traditional migration methods are mainly Kirchhoff method and wave equation. Kirchhoff method has difficulties in ray tracing, and presents caustic and multi-path in complicated medium, and it also fails to deal with steep subsurface structures. The conventional migration methods are all extrapolated along the depth direction, however, reverse time migration extrapolates along time axis, it can be treated as the reverse processing of forward modeling. Compared with other one way wave migration imaging methods, the reverse time migration uses two-way wave equation to reconstruct the wave field. The poststack reverse time migration uses the up wave propagation time equals zero-time space domain seismic wave field,which is corresponding to the result observed from the subsurface formation interface. The reverse time migration doesn’t have angle limited problem and it can be used for the velocity arbitrary variation model in theory. The research studies from poststack reverse time migration and rather deeply discusses reflectionless recursive algorithm. It has achieved a good effect applied in model data processing and real data processing.
引文
[1]董良国.复杂地表条件下地震波传播数值模拟[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28:631-445
[2]董国良,马在田.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419
[3]董良国,马在田等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法稳定性问题[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(6):856-864
[4]Fornberg B.Calculation of weights in finite difference for mulas.SIAM REV,1998.40(3):685-691
[5]Frank D,Hastings et al.Application of the perfectly boundary condition to elastic wave propagation matched layer(PML)ab-sorbing.Acoustical Society of America.1996,100(5):3061-3069
[6]Graves R.Simulation seismic wace propagation in3D elastic me-dia using staggered-grid finite differences.Bull Seism Soc Am,1996,86:1091-1106
[7]Gottlieb D,Gunzburger M et al.On numerical boundary treat-ment of hyperbolic systems for finite difference and finite dlement methods.SIAM J.Numer.Anal.1982,19:671-682
[8]董良国.弹性波数值模拟中的吸收边界条件[J].石油地球物理勘探.1999,34(1):45-56
[9]杜详,杨慧珠等.无反射波动方程模拟提防复杂构造的波传播问题[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版)2002,42(8):28-37
[10]黄自萍,张铭等.弹性波传播数值模拟的区域分裂法[J].地球物理学报,2004,46:1094-2000
[11]裴正林.任意起伏地表弹性波方程交错网格高阶有限差分法数值模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):629-634
[12]张华.起伏地表条件下地震波数值模拟方法综述.勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(5):334-339
[13]李振春.弹性波交错网格高阶有限差分法波场分离数值模拟[J].2007,42(5):510-515
[2]董国良,马在田.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419
[3]董良国,马在田等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法稳定性问题[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(6):856-864
[4]Fornberg B.Calculation of weights in finite difference for mulas.SIAM REV,1998.40(3):685-691
[5]Frank D,Hastings et al.Application of the perfectly boundary condition to elastic wave propagation matched layer(PML)ab-sorbing.Acoustical Society of America.1996,100(5):3061-3069
[6]Graves R.Simulation seismic wace propagation in3D elastic me-dia using staggered-grid finite differences.Bull Seism Soc Am,1996,86:1091-1106
[7]Gottlieb D,Gunzburger M et al.On numerical boundary treat-ment of hyperbolic systems for finite difference and finite dlement methods.SIAM J.Numer.Anal.1982,19:671-682
[8]董良国.弹性波数值模拟中的吸收边界条件[J].石油地球物理勘探.1999,34(1):45-56
[9]杜详,杨慧珠等.无反射波动方程模拟提防复杂构造的波传播问题[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版)2002,42(8):28-37
[10]黄自萍,张铭等.弹性波传播数值模拟的区域分裂法[J].地球物理学报,2004,46:1094-2000
[11]裴正林.任意起伏地表弹性波方程交错网格高阶有限差分法数值模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):629-634
[12]张华.起伏地表条件下地震波数值模拟方法综述.勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(5):334-339
[13]李振春.弹性波交错网格高阶有限差分法波场分离数值模拟[J].2007,42(5):510-515
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