接收函数方法及研究进展
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摘要
远震P波波形数据中包含了大量在台站下方地壳上地幔速度间断面所产生的P S转换波及其多次反射波的信息 ,是研究台站下方局部区域S波速度分布理想的震相 ,由此产生的接收函数方法是反演台站下方S波速度结构的有效手段 .接收函数方法可以通过波形反演拟合接收函数的径向分量 ,对观测台站下方地球介质的S波速度结构进行估计 ,也可以通过偏移叠加获得的接收函数道集 (地震剖面图)追踪速度间断面 .这种方法避免了对天然地震震源及其附近结构混响效应等复杂因素的影响 ,对S波速度的垂向分布敏感 ,垂向分辨率高 .由于宽频带流动地震台阵的发展 ,用此方法还可获得研究区域速度结构的横向变化 ,横向分辨能力主要取决于台站的间距 .本文回顾 2 0年来接收函数研究的进展 ,探讨了方法研究的发展趋势 ,介绍了对地壳—上地幔结构的部分研究结果 .
Teleseismic P waveforms contain lots of information related to P-S phase and multiples generated at the interfaces of the crustal and upper mantle, based on the data obtained from the temporary and permanent, three-component, short-period and broad-band seismic stations, the resulting receiver function method is a commonly used technique to study the crustal and upper mantle velocity structure. This method can not only evaluate the velocity distribution below the receiver station from the waveform inversion, but also search the interfaces of the crust and the upper mantle after the superimposition of the receiver function traces. The receiver functions methods are most sensitive to the shear velocity structure near the station, gross lateral variations in structure may be obtained by examining the variation in vertical velocity distribution azimuthally around the station. The receiver function method is simple and easy to implement. Besides, it has the high resolution power with the high-density deployment of the broadband flowing seismic array. This paper overviews the evolvement of the receiver function over the recent 20 years and presents some results using this method, and in the end we argues about some tendency in the study of the method.
Teleseismic P waveforms contain lots of information related to P-S phase and multiples generated at the interfaces of the crustal and upper mantle, based on the data obtained from the temporary and permanent, three-component, short-period and broad-band seismic stations, the resulting receiver function method is a commonly used technique to study the crustal and upper mantle velocity structure. This method can not only evaluate the velocity distribution below the receiver station from the waveform inversion, but also search the interfaces of the crust and the upper mantle after the superimposition of the receiver function traces. The receiver functions methods are most sensitive to the shear velocity structure near the station, gross lateral variations in structure may be obtained by examining the variation in vertical velocity distribution azimuthally around the station. The receiver function method is simple and easy to implement. Besides, it has the high resolution power with the high-density deployment of the broadband flowing seismic array. This paper overviews the evolvement of the receiver function over the recent 20 years and presents some results using this method, and in the end we argues about some tendency in the study of the method.
引文
[1] LangstonCA .StructureunderMountRainer,Washington,inferredfromteleseismicbodywaves[J].JGeophys.Res.,1979,84(B9):4749～4762.
[2] OwensTJ ,ZandatG ,TaylorSR .SeismicevidenceforanancientriftbeneaththeCumberlandPlateau,Tennessee:AdetailedanalysisofbroadbandteleseismicPwaveforms[J].JGeophysRes.,1984,89(B9):7783～7795.
[3] KindR ,etal.,ReceiverfunctionsatthestationsoftheGermanRegionalSeismicNetwork(GRSN)[J].GeophysJInt.,1995,121:191～202.
[4] YuanX ,NiJ ,KindR ,MechieJ ,SandvolE .LithosphericanduppermantlestructureofsouthernTibetformaseismo logicalpassivesourceexperiment[J].JournalofGeophysi calResearch,1997,102(B12):27491～27500.
[5] YuanX .etal.SubductionandcollisionprocessesintheCentralandesconstrainedbyconvertedseismicphases[J].Natrue,2000,408:958～961.
[6] 刘启元,KindR ,李顺成,等.接收函数复频谱比的最大或然性估计及非线性反演[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(4):502～513.
[7] 刘启元,李顺成,沈杨,等.延怀盆地及其临区地壳上地幔速度结构的宽频带地震台阵研究[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(6):763～771.
[8] 刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成,郭彪,等.新疆伽师强震群区三维地壳上地幔S波速度结构及其地震成因的探讨[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):356～364.
[9] 吴庆举,曾融生.用宽频带远震接收函数研究青藏高原的地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(5):669～679.
[10] JordanTH ,FrazerLN .Crustalanduppermantlestruc turefromSpphases[J].JGeophysRes.,1975,80:1504～1518.
[11] BurdickLJ ,LangstonCA .Modelingcrustalstructurethroughtheuseofconvertedphasesinteleseismicbodywaveform[J].BullSeismolSocAm,1977,67:677～691.
[12] LangstonCA .Evidenceforthesubductinglithosphereun dersouthernVancouverIslandandwesternOregonfromteleseismicPwaveconversions[J].JGeophysRes.,1981,86:3857～3866.
[13] JonesCH ,PhinneyRA .Seismicstructureofthelitho spherefromteleseismicconvertedarrivalsobservedatsmallarraysinthesouthernSierraNevadaandvicinity,Califor nia[J].JGR .,1998,103:10065～10090.
[14] KosarevG ,etal.SeismicevidenceforadetachedIndianlithosphericmantlebeneathTibet[J].Science,1999,283:1306～1309.
[15] VanderR ,etal.MesozonicsubductedslabsunderSiberia[J].Nature,197:246～249.
[16] KindR ,NiJ ,ZhaoW ,WuJ ,YuanX ,ZhaoL ,SandvolE ,ReeseC ,NabelekJ ,HearnT .Evidenceformearth quakedataforapartiallymoltencrustallayerinsouthernTibet[J].Science,1996,274:1692～1694.
[17] DuekerKG ,SheehanAF .MantlediscontinuitystructurefrommidpointstacksofconvertedPtoSwavesacrosstheYellowstonehotspottrack[J].JournalofGeophysicalRe search.1997,102(4):8313～8327.
[18] PhinneyRA .StructureoftheEarth’scrustfromspectralbehavioroflong periodbodywaves[J].JGeophysRes.,1964,69:2997～3107.
[19] BurdickLJ ,LangstonCA .Modelingcrustal structurethroughtheuseofconvertedphasesinteleseismicbody waveformsBull.Seismol.SocAm.,1977,67:677～691.
[20] OwensTJ ,TaylorSR ,ZandtG .Crustalstructureatre gionalseismictestnetworkstationsdeterminedfrominver sionofbroadbandteleseismicPwaveforms[J].BullSeis molSocAm,1987,77:631～632.
[21] AmmonCJ ,RallGE ,ZandtG .Onthenonuniquenessofreceiverfunctioninversions[J].JGeophysRes.,1990,95(10):15,303～315,318.
[22] RandallGE ,Efficientcalculationofdifferentialseismo gramsforlithosphericreceiverfunctions[J].Geophys.JInt.,1989,99:469～481.
[23] ShawPR ,OrcuttJA .Waveforminversionofseismicre fractiondataandapplicationstoyoungPacificcrust[J].GeophysJRAstronSoc.,1985,82:375～414.
[24] ShumwayRH ,DerZA .Deconvolutionofmultipletimeseries[J].Technometrics,1985,27:385～393.
[25] TarantolaA .Methodfordatafittingandmodelparameterestimation,In:InversionProblemTheory[M ].Amsterdam:ElsevierSciencePublicationCo.,1987.
[26] KennettBLN .SeismicWavePropagationinStratifiedMedia[M ].NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,1983.
[27] YuanX .etal.SubductionandcollisionprocessesintheCentralAndesbyconvertedseismicphase[J].Natrue,2000,408:958～961.
[28] Tryggvasonk,HusebyeES ,StefanssonR .SeismicimageofthehypothesizedIcelandichotspot[J].Tectono physics,1983,100:94～118.
[29] WolfeCJ ,BjarnasonITh,VanDecarJC ,SolomonSC .SeismicstructureoftheIcelandmantleplume[J].Na ture,1997,385:245～247.
[30] ShenY ,SolomonSC ,BjarnasonIT ,WolfeCJ .Seismicevidenceforalower mantleoriginoftheIcelandplume[J].Natur
[2] OwensTJ ,ZandatG ,TaylorSR .SeismicevidenceforanancientriftbeneaththeCumberlandPlateau,Tennessee:AdetailedanalysisofbroadbandteleseismicPwaveforms[J].JGeophysRes.,1984,89(B9):7783～7795.
[3] KindR ,etal.,ReceiverfunctionsatthestationsoftheGermanRegionalSeismicNetwork(GRSN)[J].GeophysJInt.,1995,121:191～202.
[4] YuanX ,NiJ ,KindR ,MechieJ ,SandvolE .LithosphericanduppermantlestructureofsouthernTibetformaseismo logicalpassivesourceexperiment[J].JournalofGeophysi calResearch,1997,102(B12):27491～27500.
[5] YuanX .etal.SubductionandcollisionprocessesintheCentralandesconstrainedbyconvertedseismicphases[J].Natrue,2000,408:958～961.
[6] 刘启元,KindR ,李顺成,等.接收函数复频谱比的最大或然性估计及非线性反演[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(4):502～513.
[7] 刘启元,李顺成,沈杨,等.延怀盆地及其临区地壳上地幔速度结构的宽频带地震台阵研究[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(6):763～771.
[8] 刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成,郭彪,等.新疆伽师强震群区三维地壳上地幔S波速度结构及其地震成因的探讨[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):356～364.
[9] 吴庆举,曾融生.用宽频带远震接收函数研究青藏高原的地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(5):669～679.
[10] JordanTH ,FrazerLN .Crustalanduppermantlestruc turefromSpphases[J].JGeophysRes.,1975,80:1504～1518.
[11] BurdickLJ ,LangstonCA .Modelingcrustalstructurethroughtheuseofconvertedphasesinteleseismicbodywaveform[J].BullSeismolSocAm,1977,67:677～691.
[12] LangstonCA .Evidenceforthesubductinglithosphereun dersouthernVancouverIslandandwesternOregonfromteleseismicPwaveconversions[J].JGeophysRes.,1981,86:3857～3866.
[13] JonesCH ,PhinneyRA .Seismicstructureofthelitho spherefromteleseismicconvertedarrivalsobservedatsmallarraysinthesouthernSierraNevadaandvicinity,Califor nia[J].JGR .,1998,103:10065～10090.
[14] KosarevG ,etal.SeismicevidenceforadetachedIndianlithosphericmantlebeneathTibet[J].Science,1999,283:1306～1309.
[15] VanderR ,etal.MesozonicsubductedslabsunderSiberia[J].Nature,197:246～249.
[16] KindR ,NiJ ,ZhaoW ,WuJ ,YuanX ,ZhaoL ,SandvolE ,ReeseC ,NabelekJ ,HearnT .Evidenceformearth quakedataforapartiallymoltencrustallayerinsouthernTibet[J].Science,1996,274:1692～1694.
[17] DuekerKG ,SheehanAF .MantlediscontinuitystructurefrommidpointstacksofconvertedPtoSwavesacrosstheYellowstonehotspottrack[J].JournalofGeophysicalRe search.1997,102(4):8313～8327.
[18] PhinneyRA .StructureoftheEarth’scrustfromspectralbehavioroflong periodbodywaves[J].JGeophysRes.,1964,69:2997～3107.
[19] BurdickLJ ,LangstonCA .Modelingcrustal structurethroughtheuseofconvertedphasesinteleseismicbody waveformsBull.Seismol.SocAm.,1977,67:677～691.
[20] OwensTJ ,TaylorSR ,ZandtG .Crustalstructureatre gionalseismictestnetworkstationsdeterminedfrominver sionofbroadbandteleseismicPwaveforms[J].BullSeis molSocAm,1987,77:631～632.
[21] AmmonCJ ,RallGE ,ZandtG .Onthenonuniquenessofreceiverfunctioninversions[J].JGeophysRes.,1990,95(10):15,303～315,318.
[22] RandallGE ,Efficientcalculationofdifferentialseismo gramsforlithosphericreceiverfunctions[J].Geophys.JInt.,1989,99:469～481.
[23] ShawPR ,OrcuttJA .Waveforminversionofseismicre fractiondataandapplicationstoyoungPacificcrust[J].GeophysJRAstronSoc.,1985,82:375～414.
[24] ShumwayRH ,DerZA .Deconvolutionofmultipletimeseries[J].Technometrics,1985,27:385～393.
[25] TarantolaA .Methodfordatafittingandmodelparameterestimation,In:InversionProblemTheory[M ].Amsterdam:ElsevierSciencePublicationCo.,1987.
[26] KennettBLN .SeismicWavePropagationinStratifiedMedia[M ].NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,1983.
[27] YuanX .etal.SubductionandcollisionprocessesintheCentralAndesbyconvertedseismicphase[J].Natrue,2000,408:958～961.
[28] Tryggvasonk,HusebyeES ,StefanssonR .SeismicimageofthehypothesizedIcelandichotspot[J].Tectono physics,1983,100:94～118.
[29] WolfeCJ ,BjarnasonITh,VanDecarJC ,SolomonSC .SeismicstructureoftheIcelandmantleplume[J].Na ture,1997,385:245～247.
[30] ShenY ,SolomonSC ,BjarnasonIT ,WolfeCJ .Seismicevidenceforalower mantleoriginoftheIcelandplume[J].Natur
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