碎屑岩与火山岩混积岩系层序地层学研究初探——以准噶尔盆地西北缘佳木河组为例
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摘要
准噶尔盆地西北缘前陆冲断带是剖析西准噶尔地区盆山耦合关系、沉积体系发育的关键地段。该区二叠系佳木河组为火山岩、火山碎屑岩、碎屑岩组成的混积地层。火山岩与碎屑岩组成的地层单元有广义上的成因联系,因为它们都属于史密斯地层,并均具有旋回特征。针对不同的岩性区:碎屑岩岩性区、火山岩与碎屑岩共存区、纯火山岩区,找出由于构造火山活动、相对湖平面变化等因素形成的可作为层序界面的不整合面。碎屑岩岩性区不整合面在地震剖面上主要表现为削蚀、底超、双向下超、顶超、下切谷等;共存区为同时发育火山岩与碎屑岩的削蚀带,不整合面类型较复杂;纯火山岩区表现为相对湖平面下降形成的削蚀不整合面。故可以通过地震、钻测井资料识别各类不整合面,并依据火山喷发方式、火山旋回、沉积旋回,按照不同对比原则进行经典层序地层学划分。
The foreland thrust belt in northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin is a significant region to research basin-range coupling and development of sedimentary system of western area of Junggar Basin.Jiamuhe Formation in Permian is mixing accumulated formation which contains volcanics,volcanoclastic and clastic rocks.Volcanics stratigraphic unit and clastic rock stratigraphic unit have the generalized origin relation,which are Smith formation and with cycles.According to the difference of lithologic character,there are clastic rock area,volcanics and clastic rock mixed area and volcanics area.In different areas,we apply different ways to find some types of unconformity surfaces generated by tectogenesis,volcanic activity or fluctuation of lake-level and used as sequence boundaries.In clastic rocks area,unconformity surfaces in seismic profiles are represented as a truncation,a baselap,a bidirectional downlap,a toplap or an incised valley;In the mixed area,a truncation belt;while in the volcanics area,a truncation formed by relatively falling of lake-level.So we can identify different unconformity surfaces by seismic,drilling and log data,and then divide sequences in different sedimentary environments by correlation rules based on volcanic eruption types,volcanic cycle features and sedimentary cycle features.
The foreland thrust belt in northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin is a significant region to research basin-range coupling and development of sedimentary system of western area of Junggar Basin.Jiamuhe Formation in Permian is mixing accumulated formation which contains volcanics,volcanoclastic and clastic rocks.Volcanics stratigraphic unit and clastic rock stratigraphic unit have the generalized origin relation,which are Smith formation and with cycles.According to the difference of lithologic character,there are clastic rock area,volcanics and clastic rock mixed area and volcanics area.In different areas,we apply different ways to find some types of unconformity surfaces generated by tectogenesis,volcanic activity or fluctuation of lake-level and used as sequence boundaries.In clastic rocks area,unconformity surfaces in seismic profiles are represented as a truncation,a baselap,a bidirectional downlap,a toplap or an incised valley;In the mixed area,a truncation belt;while in the volcanics area,a truncation formed by relatively falling of lake-level.So we can identify different unconformity surfaces by seismic,drilling and log data,and then divide sequences in different sedimentary environments by correlation rules based on volcanic eruption types,volcanic cycle features and sedimentary cycle features.
引文
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[3]雷振宇,卞德智,杜社宽,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘扇体形成特征及油气分布规律[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):8-12.
[4]雷振宇,鲁兵,蔚远江,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘构造演化与扇体形成和分布[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):86-91.
[5]Sangree J B,Vail P R.层序地层学及其应用[M].张宏达,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1989:10-38.
[6]王英民,刘豪,李立诚,等.准噶尔大型坳陷湖盆坡折带的类型和分布特征[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):683-68.
[7]赵玉光,王剑,唐锦玉,等.层序界面及其附近的地质特征与地质过程的表现[J].地质学报,1997,71(4):374-380.
[8]鲍志东,管守锐,李儒峰,等.准噶尔盆地侏罗系层序地层学研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):48-51.
[9]蔡希源,张明学.陆相盆地层序地层学研究中几个问题的探讨[J].现代地质,1999,13(3):287-290.
[10]刘和甫,李小军,刘立群.地球动力学与盆地层序及油气系统分析[J].现代地质,2003,17(1):80-86.
[11]程日辉,林畅松,崔宝琛.沉积型式与构造控制研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2000,19(1):11-15.
[12]赖绍聪,钟建华.聚敛型板块边缘岩浆作用及其相关沉积盆地[J].地学前缘,1998,5(增刊):86-94.
[13]张克信,殷鸿福,朱云海.史密斯地层与非史密斯地层[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2003,28(4):361-369.
[14]杜远生,张克信.关于非史密斯地层学的几点认识[J].地层学杂志,1999,23(1):78-81.
[15]赵玉光,肖林萍.西准噶尔前陆盆地二叠纪火山—沉积序列与盆地演化耦合[J].地质论评,2000,46(5):530-535.
[16]赵玉光.准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠纪沉积岩相模式[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(5):397-401.
[17]朱筱敏.层序地层学原理及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:58-72.
[18]李绍光.黄骅坳陷储集岩类型及其宏观特征[J].现代地质,1991,5(1):69-78.
[19]吴磊,徐怀民,季汉成,等.松辽盆地杏山地区深部火山岩有利储层的控制因素及分布预测[J].现代地质,2005,19(4):585-595.
[20]黄泽光,高长林.南华北中生代火山岩与前渊盆地[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(1):1-7.
[21]薛新克,王廷栋.准噶尔盆地深部地壳构造特征与油气勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2006,26(10):27-41.
[22]夏林圻.造山带火山岩研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2001,20(3):225-232.
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