大容量气枪震源特征及地震波传播的震相分析
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摘要
利用大容量气枪震源在陆上水库进行地震波激发试验,研究陆上水库环境下激发气枪震源所产生的地震波特征及传播距离.试验结果表明,大容量气枪震源是具有丰富的10Hz以下低频信号的低频震源,其激发的地震波具有传播距离远,穿透深度深的特点.在185km长的测线上均记录到了气枪信号,成功检测到Pg,Pc,P2,PmP和Pn等多组震相,并在此基础上对地下深地壳结构进行了一维速度结构正演,讨论了该区域壳幔过渡带的低速结构.气枪震源还具有一般炸药震源不具有的特征,如长期定点重复激发和有效转换S波的优点,是陆上进行长炮检距深穿透地下结构研究的一种优良人工震源.
A field experiment using large volume airgun source was conducted in an onshore reservoir. The characteristics of the waveform and its propogation has been studied. The result shows that large airgun source excited in reservoir environment is rich in low frequencies (<10 Hz), and is effective to produce waves with long-offset and deep crustal penetration. The airgun signal was detected all along the line of the largest offset equal to 185km, seismic phases Pg, Pc, P2, PmP and Pn have been picked successfully, based on which 1-D forward modeling of deep crustal structure has been conducted and the low-velocity layer of crust-mantle transition zone has been discussed. Further more, airgun source has good repeatability and is effective to produce S wave, it has been proved to be an effective artificial source on land to provide wide-angle and long-offset recording to study deep crustal structure.
A field experiment using large volume airgun source was conducted in an onshore reservoir. The characteristics of the waveform and its propogation has been studied. The result shows that large airgun source excited in reservoir environment is rich in low frequencies (<10 Hz), and is effective to produce waves with long-offset and deep crustal penetration. The airgun signal was detected all along the line of the largest offset equal to 185km, seismic phases Pg, Pc, P2, PmP and Pn have been picked successfully, based on which 1-D forward modeling of deep crustal structure has been conducted and the low-velocity layer of crust-mantle transition zone has been discussed. Further more, airgun source has good repeatability and is effective to produce S wave, it has been proved to be an effective artificial source on land to provide wide-angle and long-offset recording to study deep crustal structure.
引文
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[2]Lindseth R O.Synthetic sonic logs—a process for stratigraphic interpretation.Geophysics,1979,44:3~26
[3]Martin N,Stewart R R.The effect of lowfrequencies on seismicanalysis.CREWES Research Report,1994
[4]Sheriff R E,Geldart LP.Exploration Seismology:History,Theory,and Data Acquisition.Cambridge:Cambridge Univ.Press,1982
[5]Yilmaz O.Seismic Data Processing.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1987
[6]Dragoset B,Gabitzsch J.Introduction to this special section:Low-frequency seismic.The Leading Edge,2007,26(1):34~35
[7]罗桂纯,王宝善,葛洪魁等.气枪震源在地球深部结构探测中的应用研究进展.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):400~407Luo G C,Wang B S,Ge H K,et al.Progress in earth’s deep structures exploration by airgun source.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):400~407
[8]Lau K WH,White RS,Christie P AF.Low-frequency source for long-offset,sub-basalt and deep crustal penetration.The Leading Edge,2007,26(1):36~39
[9]Van Avendonk HJ A,Holbrook WS,Okaya D,et al.Continental crust under compression:a seismic refraction study of South Island Geophysical Transect,South Island,New Zealand.J.Geophys.Res.,2004,109,B06302,doi:10.1029/2003JB002790
[10]Nazareth J J,Clayton R W.Crustal structure of the Borderland-Continent Transition Zone of southern California adjacent to Los Angeles.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B8),2404,doi:10.1029/2001JB000223
[11]丘学林,陈,朱日祥等.大容量气枪震源在海陆联测中的应用:南海北部试验结果分析.科学通报,2007,52(4):463~469Qiu XL,Chen Y,Zhu R X,et al.The application of large volume airgun sources to the onshore-offshore seismic surveys:Implication fromthe experimental results in northern South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),2007,52(4):463~469
[12]Hobbs R W,Snyder D.Marine seismic sources for deep seismic reflection profiling.First Break,1992,10:417~426
[13]嘉世旭,张先康.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):611~620Jia S X,Zhang X K.Crustal structure and comparison of different tectonic blocks in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):611~620
[14]嘉世旭,刘昌铨.华北地区人工地震测深震相与地壳结构研究.地震地质,1995,17(2):97~105Jia S X,Liu C Q.Study on the seismic phase of DSS in North China.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1995,17(2):97~105
[15]陈,张先康,丘学林等.陆地人工激发地震波的一种新方法.科学通报,2007,52(11):1317~1321Chen Y,Zhang X K,Qiu X L,et al.Anew method to generate seismic wave onland.Chinese Science Bulletin,2007,52(16):2264~2268
[16]Stolt R H,Benson A K.Seismic Migration:Theory and Practice.London:Geophysical Press,1986
[17]陈,王宝善,葛洪魁等.建立地震发射台的建议.地球科学进展,2007,22(5):441~446Chen Y,Wang BS,Ge HK,et al.Proposed of transmitted seismic stations.Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),2007,22(5):441~446
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