基于CFD的地震液化研究新进展
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摘要
综述了近年来关于液化土体流体动力学特征的试验发展状况,以及基于计算流体动力学(简称CFD)的地震液化数值模拟现状,重点介绍了目前比较活跃的可以较高精度模拟液化土体流动状态的三次伪质点数值方法(简称CIP法)。通过对CFD和传统固体力学在地震液化研究中的应用比较,指出了应用CFD的三大优势,即土体大变形问题、液化土体参数分析以及液化土体中结构物的变形应用CFD分析,均可获得较好的结果。进一步提出,在地震液化应用中,未来CFD的发展应该考虑整合液化前的土体性状研究和地震液化中桩-土-结构物的综合分析。
This paper summarizes the development of experiments on the fluid dynamic characters of liquefied soil as well as recent numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD) about seismic liquefaction.The cubic interpolated pseudoparticle(CIP) numerical method,which is emphasized herein,is active at present and is available to simulate the flow state of liquefied soil with high accuracy.Compared with conventional solid mechanics,CFD has significant advantages in the following three areas on liquefaction analysis:(1) large deformation of soils;(2) parameters of liquefied soils;(3) deformation of structures in liquefied soils.In future research,the applications of CFD to the seismic liquefaction,should take into account soil behaviors in the status before liquefaction and dynamic pile-soil-structure interactions during liquefaction.
This paper summarizes the development of experiments on the fluid dynamic characters of liquefied soil as well as recent numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD) about seismic liquefaction.The cubic interpolated pseudoparticle(CIP) numerical method,which is emphasized herein,is active at present and is available to simulate the flow state of liquefied soil with high accuracy.Compared with conventional solid mechanics,CFD has significant advantages in the following three areas on liquefaction analysis:(1) large deformation of soils;(2) parameters of liquefied soils;(3) deformation of structures in liquefied soils.In future research,the applications of CFD to the seismic liquefaction,should take into account soil behaviors in the status before liquefaction and dynamic pile-soil-structure interactions during liquefaction.
引文
[1]UZUOKA R,YASHIMA A,KAWAKAMI T,et al.Fluid dynamics based prediction of liquefaction induced lateral spreading load[J].Computers and Geotechnics,1998,22(3?4):243-282.
[2]HWANG J I,KIM C Y,CHUNG C K,et al.Viscous fluid characteristics of liquefied soils and behavior of piles subjected to flow of liquefied soils[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(2?4):313-323.
[3]TOWHATA I.Development of geotechnical earthquake engineering in Japan[C]//Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering.Rotterdam:Millpress Science Publishers,2005:251-291.
[4]龙天渝,蔡增基.流体力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[5]王福军.计算流体动力学分析——CFD软件原理与分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[6]IVERSON R M,REID M E,LAHUSEN R G.Debris-flow mobilization from landslides[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,1997,25:85-138.
[7]MORIGUCHI S.CIP-based numerical analysis for large deformation of geomaterials[D].Gifu:Gifu University,2005.
[8]TAMURA S.Contribution of viscous force to horizontal subgrade reaction during soil liquefaction based on pile top vibration tests[C]//Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,B.C.,Canada:Vancouver,2004:1-17.
[9]HADUSH S,YASHIMA A,UZUOKA R.Importance of viscous fluid characteristics in liquefaction induced lateral spreading analysis[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2000,27(3):199-224.
[10]HADUSH S,YASHIMA A,UZUOKA R,et al.Liquefaction induced lateral spread analysis using the CIP method[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2001,28(8):549-574.
[11]SAWADA K,MORIGUCHI S,YASHIMA A,et al.Large deformation analysis in geomechanics using CIP method[J].JSME International Journal,2004,47(4):735-743.
[12]MONTASSAR S,BUHAN P.A numerical model to investigate the effects of propagating liquefied soils on structures[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2006,33(2):108-120.
[13]MONTASSAR S,BUHAN P.Minimum principle and related numerical scheme for simulating initial flow and subsequent propagation of liquefied ground[J].Inter-national Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2005,29(11):1 065-1 086.
[14]黄雨,八厚,张峰.液化场地桩-土-结构动力相互作用的有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(6):646-651.HUANG Yu,Yashima A,ZHANG Feng.Finite element analysis of pile-soil-structure dynamic interaction in liquefiable site[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(6):646-651.
[15]黄雨,舒翔,叶为民,等.桩基础抗震研究的现状[J].工业建筑,2002,32(7):49-53.HUANG Yu,SHU Xiang,YE Wei-min,et al.Recent studies on seismic resistance of pile foundation[J].Industrial Construction,2002,32(7):49-53,61.
[16]黄雨,叶为民,唐益群,等.地震作用下桩竖向抗震承载力的退化效应[J].岩土力学,2001,22(3):281-284.HANG Yu,YE Wei-min,TANG Yi-qun,et al.Degradation effects of pile vertical seismic capacity during earthquakes[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(3):281-284.
[17]HUANG Yu,Yashima A,ZHANG Feng,et al.Numerical simulation for earthquake liquefaction of soil embankments[C]//Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Computational Methods-Computational Methods,Springer:Dordrecht,2006:269-273.
[18]张建民,王刚.考虑地基液化后大变形的桩-土动力相互作用分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,44(3):429-432.ZHANG Jian-min,WANG Gang.Pile-soil dynamic interaction analysis considering large post-liquefaction ground deformation[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2004,44(3):429-432.
[19]黄群贤,林建华.液化侧扩地基中桩基的有限元分析[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2004,25(3):328-330.HUANG Qun-xian,LIN Jian-hua.Finite element analysis of the pile in foundation of laterally extending liquefaction[J].Journal of Huaqiao University(Natural Science),2004,25(3):328-330.
[2]HWANG J I,KIM C Y,CHUNG C K,et al.Viscous fluid characteristics of liquefied soils and behavior of piles subjected to flow of liquefied soils[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(2?4):313-323.
[3]TOWHATA I.Development of geotechnical earthquake engineering in Japan[C]//Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering.Rotterdam:Millpress Science Publishers,2005:251-291.
[4]龙天渝,蔡增基.流体力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[5]王福军.计算流体动力学分析——CFD软件原理与分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[6]IVERSON R M,REID M E,LAHUSEN R G.Debris-flow mobilization from landslides[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,1997,25:85-138.
[7]MORIGUCHI S.CIP-based numerical analysis for large deformation of geomaterials[D].Gifu:Gifu University,2005.
[8]TAMURA S.Contribution of viscous force to horizontal subgrade reaction during soil liquefaction based on pile top vibration tests[C]//Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,B.C.,Canada:Vancouver,2004:1-17.
[9]HADUSH S,YASHIMA A,UZUOKA R.Importance of viscous fluid characteristics in liquefaction induced lateral spreading analysis[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2000,27(3):199-224.
[10]HADUSH S,YASHIMA A,UZUOKA R,et al.Liquefaction induced lateral spread analysis using the CIP method[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2001,28(8):549-574.
[11]SAWADA K,MORIGUCHI S,YASHIMA A,et al.Large deformation analysis in geomechanics using CIP method[J].JSME International Journal,2004,47(4):735-743.
[12]MONTASSAR S,BUHAN P.A numerical model to investigate the effects of propagating liquefied soils on structures[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2006,33(2):108-120.
[13]MONTASSAR S,BUHAN P.Minimum principle and related numerical scheme for simulating initial flow and subsequent propagation of liquefied ground[J].Inter-national Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2005,29(11):1 065-1 086.
[14]黄雨,八厚,张峰.液化场地桩-土-结构动力相互作用的有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(6):646-651.HUANG Yu,Yashima A,ZHANG Feng.Finite element analysis of pile-soil-structure dynamic interaction in liquefiable site[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(6):646-651.
[15]黄雨,舒翔,叶为民,等.桩基础抗震研究的现状[J].工业建筑,2002,32(7):49-53.HUANG Yu,SHU Xiang,YE Wei-min,et al.Recent studies on seismic resistance of pile foundation[J].Industrial Construction,2002,32(7):49-53,61.
[16]黄雨,叶为民,唐益群,等.地震作用下桩竖向抗震承载力的退化效应[J].岩土力学,2001,22(3):281-284.HANG Yu,YE Wei-min,TANG Yi-qun,et al.Degradation effects of pile vertical seismic capacity during earthquakes[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(3):281-284.
[17]HUANG Yu,Yashima A,ZHANG Feng,et al.Numerical simulation for earthquake liquefaction of soil embankments[C]//Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Computational Methods-Computational Methods,Springer:Dordrecht,2006:269-273.
[18]张建民,王刚.考虑地基液化后大变形的桩-土动力相互作用分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,44(3):429-432.ZHANG Jian-min,WANG Gang.Pile-soil dynamic interaction analysis considering large post-liquefaction ground deformation[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2004,44(3):429-432.
[19]黄群贤,林建华.液化侧扩地基中桩基的有限元分析[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2004,25(3):328-330.HUANG Qun-xian,LIN Jian-hua.Finite element analysis of the pile in foundation of laterally extending liquefaction[J].Journal of Huaqiao University(Natural Science),2004,25(3):328-330.
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