地震勘探检波器原理和特性及有关问题分析
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摘要
在地震勘探工作中,由于对检波器的原理和性能了解和认识得不够,致使在检波器的选择和使用上存在着一些不当之处,不清楚检波器的参数与响应特性之间的关系,以及这些参数对地震信号的影响,在检波器使用和对比时往往针对性不强。为此,从检波器的振动力学原理入手,分析了位移、速度和加速度3种类型检波器的频率响应特性,并阐述了检波器不同的机电转换原理;在此基础上,深入分析了检波器的特性参数对地震信号的影响以及地震勘探对检波器性能和参数的要求。根据地震勘探中地震波冲击振动信号的特点,认为具有频率范围宽、动态范围大、失真度小、灵敏度高、检波器允差小等特点的检波器才能满足地震勘探的需要。同时,对目前检波器使用中的一些做法进行了探讨,尤其是检波器对比试验中存在的问题。综合分析认为,只有掌握了检波器的原理、性能和参数,才能正确地选择和使用检波器。
In seismic exploration,because of lack of knowledge on geophone principles and performance there are some improper behaviors about the choice and use of geophone.The relationship between geophone parameters and response characteristics is not clear,as well as the impact of these parameters on seismic signals,which lead to not strong pertinence in comparison test and utilization of geophones.Therefore according to the vibration mechanics theory of geophone,the frequency response characteristics of displacement, velocity and acceleration geophone was analyzed,and the different electro-mechanical transform principles were elaborated.On this basis,we further analyzed the effect of geophone characteristic parameters on seismic signals and the requirements on geophone performance and parameters in seismic exploration.According to the characteristics of the shock and vibration signal in seismic exploration, it is shown that the geophone with wide frequency band, big dynamic range,small distortion,high sensitivity and small tolerance can satisfy the need for seismic exploration.Meanwhile,the actual use of geophone has been discussed,in particular the problems in geophone comparison test.Comprehensive analysis indicates that only by mastering the principles,performance and parameters of geophone we can properly select and use geophone.
In seismic exploration,because of lack of knowledge on geophone principles and performance there are some improper behaviors about the choice and use of geophone.The relationship between geophone parameters and response characteristics is not clear,as well as the impact of these parameters on seismic signals,which lead to not strong pertinence in comparison test and utilization of geophones.Therefore according to the vibration mechanics theory of geophone,the frequency response characteristics of displacement, velocity and acceleration geophone was analyzed,and the different electro-mechanical transform principles were elaborated.On this basis,we further analyzed the effect of geophone characteristic parameters on seismic signals and the requirements on geophone performance and parameters in seismic exploration.According to the characteristics of the shock and vibration signal in seismic exploration, it is shown that the geophone with wide frequency band, big dynamic range,small distortion,high sensitivity and small tolerance can satisfy the need for seismic exploration.Meanwhile,the actual use of geophone has been discussed,in particular the problems in geophone comparison test.Comprehensive analysis indicates that only by mastering the principles,performance and parameters of geophone we can properly select and use geophone.
引文
1董世学,张春雨.地震检波器的性能与精确地震勘探[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):124-130
2曹荣,李桂林.碳酸盐岩裸露区不同类型检波器对比试验分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(5):330- 334
3梁运基,李桂林.陆上高分辨率地震勘探检波器性能及参数选择分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(6):577-581
4王增明.地震采集中检波器自然频率的试验分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):222-225
5单刚义,韩立国,张丽华,等.压电式检波器在高分辨率地震勘探中的试验研究[J].石油物探,2009,48(1): 91-95
6孙玉声.振动传感器[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1991.5-16
7高品贤.振动、冲击及噪音测试技术[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1992.9-20
8吴三灵.实用振动试验技术[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1993.45-58
9王青,戴剑锋,李维学.物理原理与工程技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.182-200
10李心刚,张朋.涡流检波器原理及参数分析[J].石油仪器,1988,2(1):1-9
11 Lv G H.Application of a new generation of geophone to improve seismic acquisition in onshore-offshore transition areas[J].Applied Geophysics,2005,2(4): 235-240
12张宏乐,曹金栋.用于地球物理勘探的MEMS加速度传感器[J].石油仪器,2002,16(2):1-4
13马超,乔学光.光纤布拉格光栅地震检波器的研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):622-626
14许兆文,盛秋琴,施可彬,等.光纤光栅振动传感实验研究[J].南开大学学报(自然科学),2001,34(2):79-81
15贾宝华,盛秋琴,施可彬,等.光纤光栅振动传感解调方法的研究[J].光电子·激光,2001,12(7):758-761
16宁靖,吕公河,吴学兵,等.布拉格光栅检波器在地震勘探中的应用前景[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6): 440-443
17赵殿栋,吕公河,张庆淮,等.高精度三维地震勘探采集技术[J].石油物探,2001,40(1):1-7
18胡时岳,吕刚.地震检波器横向振动性能分析与实验研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1991,25(6):16-20
19丁伟,张家田.地震勘探检波器的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2006.21-24
20李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.41-43
2曹荣,李桂林.碳酸盐岩裸露区不同类型检波器对比试验分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(5):330- 334
3梁运基,李桂林.陆上高分辨率地震勘探检波器性能及参数选择分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(6):577-581
4王增明.地震采集中检波器自然频率的试验分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):222-225
5单刚义,韩立国,张丽华,等.压电式检波器在高分辨率地震勘探中的试验研究[J].石油物探,2009,48(1): 91-95
6孙玉声.振动传感器[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1991.5-16
7高品贤.振动、冲击及噪音测试技术[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1992.9-20
8吴三灵.实用振动试验技术[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1993.45-58
9王青,戴剑锋,李维学.物理原理与工程技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.182-200
10李心刚,张朋.涡流检波器原理及参数分析[J].石油仪器,1988,2(1):1-9
11 Lv G H.Application of a new generation of geophone to improve seismic acquisition in onshore-offshore transition areas[J].Applied Geophysics,2005,2(4): 235-240
12张宏乐,曹金栋.用于地球物理勘探的MEMS加速度传感器[J].石油仪器,2002,16(2):1-4
13马超,乔学光.光纤布拉格光栅地震检波器的研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):622-626
14许兆文,盛秋琴,施可彬,等.光纤光栅振动传感实验研究[J].南开大学学报(自然科学),2001,34(2):79-81
15贾宝华,盛秋琴,施可彬,等.光纤光栅振动传感解调方法的研究[J].光电子·激光,2001,12(7):758-761
16宁靖,吕公河,吴学兵,等.布拉格光栅检波器在地震勘探中的应用前景[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6): 440-443
17赵殿栋,吕公河,张庆淮,等.高精度三维地震勘探采集技术[J].石油物探,2001,40(1):1-7
18胡时岳,吕刚.地震检波器横向振动性能分析与实验研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1991,25(6):16-20
19丁伟,张家田.地震勘探检波器的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2006.21-24
20李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.41-43
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