南海北部海陆过渡带地壳结构的研究现状及展望
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摘要
首先总结了前人在南海北部海陆过渡带获得的研究成果:由重磁异常、水深及卫星影像等资料推测滨海断裂带存在于南海北部海陆过渡地区;介绍了最近在南海北部海陆过渡地区开展的海陆地震联测试验,其结果显示有一个穿透整个地壳的低速破碎带发育于海陆过渡地区,推测它为滨海断裂带在速度上的表现,另外广泛分布于华南大陆的中地壳低速层在海陆过渡处也有较好发育;总结了天然地震层析成像在南海北部海陆过渡带的研究成果。最后结合目前的研究现状,指出了今后我们的研究方向:在逐步完善目前海陆地震联测试验的基础上,同时开展海陆过渡带的多道地震数据采集及地球化学研究;加强海陆过渡带的地震监测,进行震源机制解和人工地震与天然地震联合成像的研究。
This paper first summarizes the results of previous studies:(1) it is indicated that a fault zone (called Littoral Fault Zone) exists beneath the onshore-offshore transitional zone in the northern margin of South China Sea, according to the gravity and geomagnetic anomalies, water depths and satellite images; (2) a low velocity zone going through the crust was imaged in the northeastern and middle northern of transitional zone respectively by using the onshore-offshore seismic experiment, which may denote Littoral Fault Zone. The low velocity layer in the middle crust widely developing in South China also was identified in the transitional zone; (3) we give a review on the results of seismic tomography. Combined with recent researches, this paper also gives some prospects on the future study: perfecting the onshore -offshore seismic experiment; carrying out the MCS experiment; using the geochemical method to study the characteristics of the petrology; imaging the deep structure using the man -made and natural seismic data together; monitoring earthquakes occurred in the onshore-offshore transitional zone, and studying the focal mechanisms.
This paper first summarizes the results of previous studies:(1) it is indicated that a fault zone (called Littoral Fault Zone) exists beneath the onshore-offshore transitional zone in the northern margin of South China Sea, according to the gravity and geomagnetic anomalies, water depths and satellite images; (2) a low velocity zone going through the crust was imaged in the northeastern and middle northern of transitional zone respectively by using the onshore-offshore seismic experiment, which may denote Littoral Fault Zone. The low velocity layer in the middle crust widely developing in South China also was identified in the transitional zone; (3) we give a review on the results of seismic tomography. Combined with recent researches, this paper also gives some prospects on the future study: perfecting the onshore -offshore seismic experiment; carrying out the MCS experiment; using the geochemical method to study the characteristics of the petrology; imaging the deep structure using the man -made and natural seismic data together; monitoring earthquakes occurred in the onshore-offshore transitional zone, and studying the focal mechanisms.
引文
[1]姚伯初,曾维军,Hayes D.E.,等.中美合作调研南海地质专报[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1994,1-203.
[2]Nissen S.S.,Hayes D.E.,Yao B.,et al.Gravity,heat flow,and seismic constrains on the process of crustal extension:Northern margin of the South China Sea[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100(B11):22447-22483.
[3]Qiu X.L.,Ye S.Y.,Wu S.M.,et al.Crustal structure across the Xisha Trough,northwestern South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2001,341:179-193.
[4]Yan P.,Zhou D.,Liu Z.A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2001,338:1-21.
[5]Wang T.K.,Chen M.K.,Lee C.S.,Xia K.Y.Seismic imaging of the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2006,412:237-254.
[6]廖其林,王振明,王屏路,等.福州-泉州-汕头地区地壳结构的爆炸地震研究[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(3):270-280.
[7]尹周勋,赖明惠,熊绍柏,等.华南连县-博罗-港口地带地壳结构及速度分布的爆炸地震探测结果[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(3):383-392.
[8]李继亮.东南大陆岩石圈结构与地质演化[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.
[9]吴世敏,周蒂,丘学林.南海北部陆缘的构造属性问题[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(4):419-426.
[10]丘学林,施小斌,阎贫,等.南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展[J].自然科学进展,2003,13(3):231-236.
[11]Hayes D.E.,Nissen S.S.The South China Sea margings:Implications for rifting contrasts[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,237:601-616.
[12]陈恩民,黄咏茵.华南十九次强震暨南海北部陆缘地震带概述[J].华南地震,1984,4(1):11-32.
[13]刘以宣.华南沿海的活动断裂[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1985,5(3):11-21.
[14]赵明辉,丘学林,夏戡原,等.南海东北部滨海断裂带的研究现状与展望[J].华南地震,2003,23(1):20-27.
[15]广东省地质矿产局.广东省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.
[16]刘以宣.华南沿海区域断裂构造分析[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.
[17]徐杰,张进,周本刚,等.关于南海北部滨海断裂带的研究[J].华南地震,2006,26(4):8-13.
[18]钟建强.滨海断裂带之所在及其活动性初探[J].华南地震,1987,7(4):1-7.
[19]郝天珧,刘建华,宋海斌,等.华南及其相邻边缘海域一些重要断裂的地球物理证据[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):13-23.
[20]刘以宣.南澳断裂带与滨海断裂带的基本特征及其活动性探讨[J].华南地震,1986,6(3):1-8.
[21]黄汲清,任纪舜,姜春发,等.中国大地构造基本轮廓[J].地质学报,1977,51(2):117-135.
[22]马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学纲要(1:400万中国及邻近海域岩石圈动力学图说明书)[M].北京:地质出版社,1987.
[23]丘学林,陈颙,朱日祥,等.大容量气枪震源在海陆联测中的应用:南海北部试验结果分析[J].科学通报,2007,54(2):463-469.
[24]赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明,等.南海东北部海陆联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):845-852.
[25]夏少红,丘学林,赵明辉,等.香港与珠三角地区海陆联合地震探测的数据处理[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(1):35-38.
[26]夏少红,丘学林,赵明辉,等.香港地区海陆地震联测及深部地壳结构研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,印刷中.
[27]刘建华,吴华,刘福田.华南及其海域三维速度分布特征与岩石层结构[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(4):483-492.
[28]胥颐,李志伟,郝天珧,等.南海东北部及其邻近地区的Pn波速度结构与各向异性[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1473-1479.
[2]Nissen S.S.,Hayes D.E.,Yao B.,et al.Gravity,heat flow,and seismic constrains on the process of crustal extension:Northern margin of the South China Sea[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100(B11):22447-22483.
[3]Qiu X.L.,Ye S.Y.,Wu S.M.,et al.Crustal structure across the Xisha Trough,northwestern South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2001,341:179-193.
[4]Yan P.,Zhou D.,Liu Z.A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2001,338:1-21.
[5]Wang T.K.,Chen M.K.,Lee C.S.,Xia K.Y.Seismic imaging of the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2006,412:237-254.
[6]廖其林,王振明,王屏路,等.福州-泉州-汕头地区地壳结构的爆炸地震研究[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(3):270-280.
[7]尹周勋,赖明惠,熊绍柏,等.华南连县-博罗-港口地带地壳结构及速度分布的爆炸地震探测结果[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(3):383-392.
[8]李继亮.东南大陆岩石圈结构与地质演化[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.
[9]吴世敏,周蒂,丘学林.南海北部陆缘的构造属性问题[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(4):419-426.
[10]丘学林,施小斌,阎贫,等.南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展[J].自然科学进展,2003,13(3):231-236.
[11]Hayes D.E.,Nissen S.S.The South China Sea margings:Implications for rifting contrasts[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,237:601-616.
[12]陈恩民,黄咏茵.华南十九次强震暨南海北部陆缘地震带概述[J].华南地震,1984,4(1):11-32.
[13]刘以宣.华南沿海的活动断裂[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1985,5(3):11-21.
[14]赵明辉,丘学林,夏戡原,等.南海东北部滨海断裂带的研究现状与展望[J].华南地震,2003,23(1):20-27.
[15]广东省地质矿产局.广东省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.
[16]刘以宣.华南沿海区域断裂构造分析[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.
[17]徐杰,张进,周本刚,等.关于南海北部滨海断裂带的研究[J].华南地震,2006,26(4):8-13.
[18]钟建强.滨海断裂带之所在及其活动性初探[J].华南地震,1987,7(4):1-7.
[19]郝天珧,刘建华,宋海斌,等.华南及其相邻边缘海域一些重要断裂的地球物理证据[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):13-23.
[20]刘以宣.南澳断裂带与滨海断裂带的基本特征及其活动性探讨[J].华南地震,1986,6(3):1-8.
[21]黄汲清,任纪舜,姜春发,等.中国大地构造基本轮廓[J].地质学报,1977,51(2):117-135.
[22]马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学纲要(1:400万中国及邻近海域岩石圈动力学图说明书)[M].北京:地质出版社,1987.
[23]丘学林,陈颙,朱日祥,等.大容量气枪震源在海陆联测中的应用:南海北部试验结果分析[J].科学通报,2007,54(2):463-469.
[24]赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明,等.南海东北部海陆联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):845-852.
[25]夏少红,丘学林,赵明辉,等.香港与珠三角地区海陆联合地震探测的数据处理[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(1):35-38.
[26]夏少红,丘学林,赵明辉,等.香港地区海陆地震联测及深部地壳结构研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,印刷中.
[27]刘建华,吴华,刘福田.华南及其海域三维速度分布特征与岩石层结构[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(4):483-492.
[28]胥颐,李志伟,郝天珧,等.南海东北部及其邻近地区的Pn波速度结构与各向异性[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1473-1479.
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