1998年夏季地震、地温场演变与洪涝过程分析
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摘要
基于地震、土壤温度和降水资料 ,从地球系统各圈层相互作用的观点分析了 1 998年夏季长江和嫩江流域特大洪涝灾害的成因 ,探讨了地球固体圈层热力活动对大气圈异常事件的激发作用 .分析表明深层 (3.2m)土壤温度场与同期降水场的分布有很好的一致性 ,同时降水过程对下垫面脉冲性热扰动有较为敏感的响应 .文中还讨论了土壤热力异常影响大气降水的物理机制
We analyze the causes of severe floods in the Yangtze and Nenjiang River basins in summer of 1998 from the viewpoint of the interaction between components of the earth system based on earthquake, soil temperature, and precipitation data. The role of thermal activities of the solid earth in stimulating torrential rain is investigated in detail. The results show that the precipitation distribution agrees well with the soil temperature anomaly field and activities in the solid sphere of the earth system may excite and control the behaviors in the atmosphere. Mechanisms that how the soil temperature field exerts its influence on precipitation field are also discussed.
We analyze the causes of severe floods in the Yangtze and Nenjiang River basins in summer of 1998 from the viewpoint of the interaction between components of the earth system based on earthquake, soil temperature, and precipitation data. The role of thermal activities of the solid earth in stimulating torrential rain is investigated in detail. The results show that the precipitation distribution agrees well with the soil temperature anomaly field and activities in the solid sphere of the earth system may excite and control the behaviors in the atmosphere. Mechanisms that how the soil temperature field exerts its influence on precipitation field are also discussed.
引文
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[2] 汤懋苍,张 建,杨 良.江河丰枯与我国地震的相关分析.中国科学(B辑),1992,22(8):889～896TangMC ,ZhangJ,YangL .Correlativeanalysisbetweenflood drynessofriversandearthquakesactivitiesoverChina.ScienceinChina(SeriesB)(inChinese),1992,22(8):889～896
[3] 汤懋苍.台湾地震与大陆旱涝.地球科学进展,1994,9(1):38～41TangMC .EarthquakeinTaiwananddroughts floodsinthemain land.AdvanceinEarthSciences(inChinese),1994,9(1):38～41
[4] 郭维栋,汤懋苍.43年来云南地震活动对水旱的影响.高原气象,1995,14(3):373～378GuoWD ,TangMC .EffectofearthquakeactivitiesoverYunnanonfloodsanddroughtsfor43years.PlateauMeteorology(inChinese),1995,14(3):373～378
[5] 范新岗,汤懋苍.大地震前后地温、降水及浅层热流通量场的结构特征.地球物理学报,1994,37(增刊Ⅰ):192～203FanXG ,TangMC .Apreliminarystudyonstructuralfeaturesofsoiltemperatureandprecipitationandsoilheatfluxfieldsofstrongearth quakes.ChineseJ .Geophys.(ActaGeophysicaSinica)(inChi nese),1994,37(Suppl.Ⅰ):192～203
[6] 汤懋苍,钟大赉,李文华等.雅鲁藏布江“大峡湾”是地球热点的证据.中国科学(D辑),1998,28(5):463～468TangMC ,ZhongDL ,LiWH ,etal.EvidencesofthegreatgorgeofYarlungZangboRiverasa“HotSpot”ontheEarth.ScienceinChina(SeriesD)(inChinese),1998,28(5):463～468
[7] 汤懋苍,高晓清.1980～1993我国“地热涡”的若干统计特征(Ⅰ)“地热涡”的时空分布.中国科学(B辑),1995,25(11):1178～1186TangMC ,GaoXQ .Somestatisticalcharacteristicsof“geothermalvortexes”overChina(Ⅰ)Spatialandtemporaldistributionof“geo thermalvortexes”.ScienceinChina(SeriesB)(inChinese),1995,25(11):1178～1186
[8] 汤懋苍,高晓清.1980～1993我国“地热涡”的若干统计特征(Ⅱ)地热涡与地震的统计相关.中国科学(B辑),1995,25(12):1313～1319TangMC ,GaoXQ .Somestatisticalcharacteristicsof“geothermalvortexes”overChina(Ⅱ)Statisticalcorrelationbetweengeothermalvortexesandearthquakes.ScienceinChina(SeriesB)(inChinese),1995,25(12):1313～1319
[9] 叶笃正,巢纪平.论大气运动的多时态特征—适应、发展和准定常演变.大气科学,1998,22(4):385～398YeDZ ,ChaoJP .Moretensecharacteristicsofatmospheremotion adaptation,developmentandquasi stationaryevolution.ChineseJour nalofAtmosphericSciences(inChinese),1998,22(4):385～398
[10] 马杏垣主编.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989MaXYeds.AtlasofLithosphereDynamicsoverChina(inChinese).Beijing:ChinaCartographicPublishingHouse,1989
[11] DickinsonREetal.Biosphereatmospheretransferscheme(BATS)version1eascoupledtotheNCARCommunityClimateModel.NCARTech.Note,NCAR TN -387+STR .Boulder,Colorado,1993
[12] BonanGB .TheNCARLandSurfaceModel(LSMversion1.0)cou pledtotheNCARCommunityClimateModel.NCARTech.Note,NCAR TN -429+STR .Boulder,Colorado,1996
[13] 郭维栋.地温场影响降水场的统计分析和数值模拟[博士学位论文].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2000GuoWD .Statisticalanalysisofsoiltemperatureinfluencingonpre cipitationfieldandnumericalsimulation[Ph.D .thesis](inChi nese).Lanzhou:ColdandAridRegionsEnvironmentalandEngineer ingResearchInstitute,ChineseAcademyofScience,2000
[14] 郑益群.陆面过程对区域气候影响的数值模拟研究[博士学位论文].南京:南京大学大气科学系,2000ZhengYQ .Studyofnumericalsimulationoftheeffectoflandsurfaceprocessonregionalclimate[Ph.D .thesis](inChinese).Nanjing:DepartmentofAtmosphericSciences,NanjingUniversity,2000
[15] GerlachTM .Etna’sgreenhousepump.Nature,1991,315:352～353
[16] ClarkSP .GeophysicalMonograph.AGU ,1969,13:622～626
[17] EtiopeG ,RWKlusman.Doesgeogasemissioninnon volcanicareascontributetocarboncycleandglobalclimatechange?In:Proceedingsofthe25thI.S .Q .E .Course:ObservationalDatabaseandMecha nismsofClimate,EriceSicily,Italy,Nov.1998
[18] RahnTA ,FessendenJE ,WahlenM .FluxchambermeasurementsofanomalousCO2 emissionfromtheflanksofMammothMountain,California.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1996,23(14):1861～1864
[19] 上官志冠,白春华,孙明良.腾冲热海地区现代幔源岩浆气体释放特征.中国科学(D辑),2000,30(4):407～414ShangguanZG ,BaiCH ,SunML .CharacteristicsofgasesemissionofmodernmantlesourcemagmaalongRehaiinTengchong.ScienceinChina(SeriesD)(inChinese),2000,30(4):407?
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