深部流体在地震孕育和发生过程中的作用
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摘要
提出了几个难以用断层弹性回跳模型解释的地震实例 ,指出必须重视地壳上地幔结构的探测和深部流体的研究。然后用简单模型说明 ,没有流体的存在 ,则不可能发生岩体间快速的错动。重点探讨发生在地壳内 10～ 2 5km深处的强震孕育和发生机理 ,分析了深部流体的迁移和岩体的错动。最后结合实例 ,给出了在发生深部流体迁移的条件下 ,一次强震释放的能量和岩体错动的最大加速度
First of all, this paper presents several examples which cannot be explained with the elastic respond theory and indicates that we must attach importance to the earth's crust and up mantle investigations, and then shows that if there were no fluids, there would not be the sudden movement between rock masses in the earth's crust. The mechanism of large earthquakes that occurred in the 10-25km depth of the earth's crust is discussed. The transplant of deep-seated fluids and the rock mass movement in the earth's crust are discussed with models afterwards. Finally the energy released from an earthquake and the maximum acceleration of rock mass movement while earthquake occurring are quantitatively presented in a condition of existing fluid transplant with examples.
First of all, this paper presents several examples which cannot be explained with the elastic respond theory and indicates that we must attach importance to the earth's crust and up mantle investigations, and then shows that if there were no fluids, there would not be the sudden movement between rock masses in the earth's crust. The mechanism of large earthquakes that occurred in the 10-25km depth of the earth's crust is discussed. The transplant of deep-seated fluids and the rock mass movement in the earth's crust are discussed with models afterwards. Finally the energy released from an earthquake and the maximum acceleration of rock mass movement while earthquake occurring are quantitatively presented in a condition of existing fluid transplant with examples.
引文
[1] 朱成男,段加乐,孔祥红.红河断裂带的断错水系与地震活动问题[A].丁国瑜.中国活动断裂[M].北京:地震出版社,1982,267-272
[2] 徐常芳.中国大陆地壳上地幔电性结构及地震分布规律[J].地震学报,1996,18(2):254-261
[3] 徐常芳.壳内流体演化及地震成因[J].地震学报,1997,19(2):139-144
[4] 徐常芳.壳内高导层成因、高温高压下卤水物态及电导率[J].地震学报,1996,18(3):352-357
[5] 杨理华.1982烈度与震害[A].梅世蓉.一九七六唐山地震.北京:地震出版社,1982,1-31
[6] 张祖胜.地形变背景与异常分析[A].梅世蓉.一九七六唐山地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1982,131-170
[7] Avelallemant,H G ,Mercier,J -C C ,Carter,N .L .andRoss,J.V .,Rheologyoftheuppermantal:inferencesfromperidotitexenoliths.Tectonophysics,ElsevierScientificPublishingcompany,Amsterdam-PrintedinTheNetherlands,1980.70:85-113
[8] 吴开统,王泽皋,吕培苓.地震参数与序列[A].中国地震预报概论[M].北京:地震出版社,1982,33-70
[2] 徐常芳.中国大陆地壳上地幔电性结构及地震分布规律[J].地震学报,1996,18(2):254-261
[3] 徐常芳.壳内流体演化及地震成因[J].地震学报,1997,19(2):139-144
[4] 徐常芳.壳内高导层成因、高温高压下卤水物态及电导率[J].地震学报,1996,18(3):352-357
[5] 杨理华.1982烈度与震害[A].梅世蓉.一九七六唐山地震.北京:地震出版社,1982,1-31
[6] 张祖胜.地形变背景与异常分析[A].梅世蓉.一九七六唐山地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1982,131-170
[7] Avelallemant,H G ,Mercier,J -C C ,Carter,N .L .andRoss,J.V .,Rheologyoftheuppermantal:inferencesfromperidotitexenoliths.Tectonophysics,ElsevierScientificPublishingcompany,Amsterdam-PrintedinTheNetherlands,1980.70:85-113
[8] 吴开统,王泽皋,吕培苓.地震参数与序列[A].中国地震预报概论[M].北京:地震出版社,1982,33-70
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