岩石的各向异性对地震勘探信号的影响
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摘要
地球内部的岩层通常都存在着一定程度的各向异性。这种岩石各向异性的存在,将会对地震勘探子波信号的时域特性和频域特性产生影响,并会引起地震子波信号产生一些异常,还会严重地扭曲地震子波信号的时间剖面和AVO分析。文章用计算结果分析了岩层的各向异性对P-波反射系数和时-深转换的影响。
There is anisotropy with a certain degree for rocks in the earth' s interior.The rock anisotropy can affect the properties of seismic wavelet signals in time and frequency domains,can cause the seismic wavelet signal to create some abnormities and can distort the time profile of seismic wavelet signal and AVO! analysis.This paper utilizes some calculated results to analyze and discuss the effects of rock anisotropy of P-wave coefficient and time-depth conversion.
There is anisotropy with a certain degree for rocks in the earth' s interior.The rock anisotropy can affect the properties of seismic wavelet signals in time and frequency domains,can cause the seismic wavelet signal to create some abnormities and can distort the time profile of seismic wavelet signal and AVO! analysis.This paper utilizes some calculated results to analyze and discuss the effects of rock anisotropy of P-wave coefficient and time-depth conversion.
引文
[1]N.C.Banik.An effective anisotropy parameter in trans-versely isotropic media.Geophysics,52,1654-1664(1987)
[2]W.Thomson,(Lord Kelvin).Elements of a mathematical theory of elasticity,Part1,On stresses and strains.Philo-sophical Transactions of the Royal Society,XXI.,146,481-498(1856)
[3]E.B.,Christoffel.ber die Fortpflanzung von St ssen durch elastische feste K rper.Annali di Matematica8,193-243(1877)
[4]M.J.P.,Rudzki.ber die Gestalt elastischer Wellen in Gesteinen,II.Studie aus der Theorie der Erdbebenwellen.Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften Krakau,387-393(1897)
[5]G.E.Backus.Long-wave anisotropy produced by horizon-tal layering.J.Geophys.Res.66,4427-4440(1962)
[6]V.^Cerveny^.Seismic raytheory(Cambridge University Press.2001
[7]J.M.Carcione,Wave Fields in Real Media:Wave Propaga-tion in Anisotropic,Anelastic and Porous Media(Pergamon,An Imprint of Elsevier Science,Amsterdam,2001)
[8]L.Thomsen.Weak elastic anisotropy.Geophysics,51,1954-1966(1986)
[9]W.J.Ostrander.Plane wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at nonnormal angles of incidence.52nd Ann.Inter-nat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophysics.,Expanded Abstracts(1982)
[10]P.G.Richards and Frasier.Scattering of elastic waves fromdepth-dependent inhomogeneities.Geophysics,41,441-458(1976)
[11]K.Aki and P.G.Richards.Quantitative seismology:The-ory and methods,Volume1(W.N.Freeman and Co.B,1980)
[12]R.T.Shuey.Asimplification of Zoepprits equtions.Geo-physics,50,609-614(1985)
[13]J.Wright.Reflection coefficients at pore-fluid contacts as a function of offsets.Geophysics,51,1858-1860(1986)
[14]K.Y.Kim,K.H.Wrolstad and F.Aminzadeh.Effects of transverse isotropy on P-wave AVOfor gas sands.Geo-physics,58,883-888(1993)
[15]M.J.P.Musgrave,Crystal acoustics,(Holden Day,1970)
[16]E.G.Henneke.Reflection-refraction of a stress wave at a plane boundary between anisotropic media.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,51,210-217(1972)
[17]C.Keith and S.Crampin.Seismic body waves in anisotrop-ic media:Reflection and refraction at a plane interface.Geophys.J.Roy.Astr.Soc.,49,181-208(1977)
[18]P.F.Daley&F.Hron.Reflection andtransmission coeffi-cients for transversely isotropic media.Bulletin of the Seis-mological Society of America,67,661-675(1977)
[19]P.F.Daley&F.Hron.Reflection andtransmission coeffi-cients for seismic waves in ellipsoidally isotropic media.Geophysics,44,27-38(1979)
[20]A.Rüger.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symme-try.Geophysics,62,713-722(1997)
[2]W.Thomson,(Lord Kelvin).Elements of a mathematical theory of elasticity,Part1,On stresses and strains.Philo-sophical Transactions of the Royal Society,XXI.,146,481-498(1856)
[3]E.B.,Christoffel.ber die Fortpflanzung von St ssen durch elastische feste K rper.Annali di Matematica8,193-243(1877)
[4]M.J.P.,Rudzki.ber die Gestalt elastischer Wellen in Gesteinen,II.Studie aus der Theorie der Erdbebenwellen.Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften Krakau,387-393(1897)
[5]G.E.Backus.Long-wave anisotropy produced by horizon-tal layering.J.Geophys.Res.66,4427-4440(1962)
[6]V.^Cerveny^.Seismic raytheory(Cambridge University Press.2001
[7]J.M.Carcione,Wave Fields in Real Media:Wave Propaga-tion in Anisotropic,Anelastic and Porous Media(Pergamon,An Imprint of Elsevier Science,Amsterdam,2001)
[8]L.Thomsen.Weak elastic anisotropy.Geophysics,51,1954-1966(1986)
[9]W.J.Ostrander.Plane wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at nonnormal angles of incidence.52nd Ann.Inter-nat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophysics.,Expanded Abstracts(1982)
[10]P.G.Richards and Frasier.Scattering of elastic waves fromdepth-dependent inhomogeneities.Geophysics,41,441-458(1976)
[11]K.Aki and P.G.Richards.Quantitative seismology:The-ory and methods,Volume1(W.N.Freeman and Co.B,1980)
[12]R.T.Shuey.Asimplification of Zoepprits equtions.Geo-physics,50,609-614(1985)
[13]J.Wright.Reflection coefficients at pore-fluid contacts as a function of offsets.Geophysics,51,1858-1860(1986)
[14]K.Y.Kim,K.H.Wrolstad and F.Aminzadeh.Effects of transverse isotropy on P-wave AVOfor gas sands.Geo-physics,58,883-888(1993)
[15]M.J.P.Musgrave,Crystal acoustics,(Holden Day,1970)
[16]E.G.Henneke.Reflection-refraction of a stress wave at a plane boundary between anisotropic media.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,51,210-217(1972)
[17]C.Keith and S.Crampin.Seismic body waves in anisotrop-ic media:Reflection and refraction at a plane interface.Geophys.J.Roy.Astr.Soc.,49,181-208(1977)
[18]P.F.Daley&F.Hron.Reflection andtransmission coeffi-cients for transversely isotropic media.Bulletin of the Seis-mological Society of America,67,661-675(1977)
[19]P.F.Daley&F.Hron.Reflection andtransmission coeffi-cients for seismic waves in ellipsoidally isotropic media.Geophysics,44,27-38(1979)
[20]A.Rüger.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symme-try.Geophysics,62,713-722(1997)
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