相邻采空区关键层失稳诱发矿震机理研究
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摘要
基于岩层控制的关键层理论,对工作面开采过程中相邻采空区震动机理进行了研究,将相邻采空区震动机理归结为3种基本形式:①低位亚关键层回转滑移失稳;②高位亚关键层剪切滑移失稳;③主关键层极限破断失稳。利用现场矿井微震监测系统,分析了不同机理震动规律,结果表明,相邻采空区岩层失稳滞后于本工作面岩层运动,震动频次上低位亚关键层最高,高位亚关键层次之,主关键层极限破断失稳震动最少,震动能量上则相反;本工作面破坏烈度则是高位亚关键层剪切滑移失稳最强,低位亚关键层失稳震动次之,而主关键层最小。最后,根据震动诱发动力冲击的能量机理,提出了相邻采空区震动灾害的治理措施,并在现场实施应用。
Based on the key strata theory in ground control,researched on mechanism of mining tremor induced by key strata instability in the gob beside the working face,and summarized three basic mechanism types that:① Rotary slipping instability of the low inferior key strata,② shear slipping instability of high inferior key strata,③ ultimate rupture of maim key strata.The different rules of mining tremor under different mechanisms were studied using the micro-seismic observing system installed around the working face.The results show that mining shocks in the gob induced by strata instability lag the strata movement in the working face,low inferior key strata have the most frequency of the tremor,follow by the high inferior key strata and the key strata least,the released energy lever is just opposite.The most damage intensity to the working face or roadways is caused by the high inferior key strata,secondly the low inferior key strata and at last the main key strata caused the lighting lever.Based on the energy of rock burst combined the researches on the mechanism,in the end,the prevent and control strategies for the tremor disaster in the gob were put forward and implemented in the coal mines.
Based on the key strata theory in ground control,researched on mechanism of mining tremor induced by key strata instability in the gob beside the working face,and summarized three basic mechanism types that:① Rotary slipping instability of the low inferior key strata,② shear slipping instability of high inferior key strata,③ ultimate rupture of maim key strata.The different rules of mining tremor under different mechanisms were studied using the micro-seismic observing system installed around the working face.The results show that mining shocks in the gob induced by strata instability lag the strata movement in the working face,low inferior key strata have the most frequency of the tremor,follow by the high inferior key strata and the key strata least,the released energy lever is just opposite.The most damage intensity to the working face or roadways is caused by the high inferior key strata,secondly the low inferior key strata and at last the main key strata caused the lighting lever.Based on the energy of rock burst combined the researches on the mechanism,in the end,the prevent and control strategies for the tremor disaster in the gob were put forward and implemented in the coal mines.
引文
[1]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.
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[11]曹安业,窦林名,秦玉红,等.高应力区微震监测信号特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(8):146-149.Cao Anye,Dou Linming,Qin Yuhong,et al.Characteristic of micro-seismic monitoring signal in high stressed zone[J].Journal of Min-ing&Safety Engineering,2007,24(8):146-149.
[12]巩思园,窦林名,曹安业,等.矿微震监测台网优化布设研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):457-465.Gong Siyuan,Dou Linming,Cao Anye,et al.Study on optimal con-figuration of seismological observation network for coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(2):457-465.
[13]谢文兵,殷少举,史振凡.综放沿空留巷几个关键问题的研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(2):146-149.Xie Wenbing,Yin Shaoju,Shi Zhenfan.The key problem studyabout gob-side entry retaining in top-coal caving mining face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(2):146-149.
[14]Gibowicz S J,Kijko A.矿山地震学引论[M].修济刚,译.北京:地震出版社,1996.
[15]贺虎,窦林名,巩思园,等.巷道防冲机理及支护控制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(1):40-44.He Hu,Dou Linming,Gong Siyuan,et al.Mechanism of rockburstprevention and supporting control technology in roadways[J].Jour-nal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(1):40-44.
[2]闫少宏,尹希文.大采高综放开采几个理论问题的研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(5):481-484.Yan Shaohong,Yin Xiwen.Discussing about the main theoreticalproblems of longwall with top coal caving[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,2008,33(5):481-484.
[3]蒋金泉,张开智.综放开采矿震的成因及防治对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S1):3 277-3 282.Jiang Jinquan,Zhang Kaizhi.Cause and control method of mineearthquake in fully mechanized top coal caving mining[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(S1):3 277-3 282.
[4]史红,姜福兴.采场上覆大厚度坚硬岩层破断规律的力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3 066-3 069.Shi Hong,Jiang Fuxing.Mechanical analysis of rupture regularity ofhard and massive overlying strata of longwall face[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(18):3 066-3 069.
[5]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.
[6]窦林名,赵从国,杨思光,等.煤矿开采冲击矿压灾害防治[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006.
[7]谢广祥,杨科,常聚才,等.综放采场围岩支承压力分布及动力灾害的层厚效应[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(6):731-735.Xie Guangxiang,Yang Ke,Chang Jucai,et al.Surrounding rock abut-ment pressure distribution and thickness effect of dynamic cata-strophic in fully mechanized sublevel mining stope[J].Journal ofChina Coal Society,2006,31(6):731-735.
[8]陆菜平,窦林名,郭晓强,等.顶板岩层破断诱发矿震的频谱特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):1 017-1 022.Lu Caiping,Dou Linming,Guo Xiaoqiang,et al.Frequency-spectrumcharacters of microseismic signals induced by roof stratum fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):1 017-1 022.
[9]姜福兴,Xun Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23-25.Jiang Fuxing,Xun Luo,Yang Shuhua.Study on microseismic monito-ring for spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure fieldin longwall face[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23-25.
[10]贺虎,窦林名,巩思园,等.覆岩关键层运动诱发冲击的规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1 261-1 265.He Hu,Dou Linming,Gong Siyuan,et al.Rock burst rules inducedby cracking of overlying key stratum[J].Chinese Jounal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2010,32(8):1 261-1 265.
[11]曹安业,窦林名,秦玉红,等.高应力区微震监测信号特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(8):146-149.Cao Anye,Dou Linming,Qin Yuhong,et al.Characteristic of micro-seismic monitoring signal in high stressed zone[J].Journal of Min-ing&Safety Engineering,2007,24(8):146-149.
[12]巩思园,窦林名,曹安业,等.矿微震监测台网优化布设研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):457-465.Gong Siyuan,Dou Linming,Cao Anye,et al.Study on optimal con-figuration of seismological observation network for coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(2):457-465.
[13]谢文兵,殷少举,史振凡.综放沿空留巷几个关键问题的研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(2):146-149.Xie Wenbing,Yin Shaoju,Shi Zhenfan.The key problem studyabout gob-side entry retaining in top-coal caving mining face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(2):146-149.
[14]Gibowicz S J,Kijko A.矿山地震学引论[M].修济刚,译.北京:地震出版社,1996.
[15]贺虎,窦林名,巩思园,等.巷道防冲机理及支护控制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(1):40-44.He Hu,Dou Linming,Gong Siyuan,et al.Mechanism of rockburstprevention and supporting control technology in roadways[J].Jour-nal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(1):40-44.
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