新构造运动对塔里木盆地油气的控制作用
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摘要
塔里木盆地周缘存在着强烈的新构造运动,主要表现为强烈的逆冲推覆构造,下更新统西域组(Q1x)在盆地周缘不同地区逆冲推覆在不同的地层之上或者被不同时代的老地层所覆盖,同时其也卷入了不同规模的褶皱之中。三维地震资料的精细解释显示塔里木台盆区志留系以上的地层因新构造运动而产生了区域性的构造反转,不同层位的地层顶面构造高点发生了向南迁移。新构造运动对塔里木盆地油气的控制作用表现为:在塔里木盆地的周缘形成了有利于晚期成藏的大型构造圈闭,并为晚期油气运移提供了成藏的强大动力;对早期形成的古油藏圈闭条件的改造和破坏,导致了古油藏内的油气发生重新运移,从而形成了具有复杂油水界面的现今正在充注的新油藏。
The neotectonic movement around Tarim basin assumes intense thrust nappe structure.The Xiyu formation of Lower Pleistocene(Q1x) in different areas around the basin thrusts into different strata or is covered by old strata in different ages and rolled into folds in different scales.3D seismic interpretation indicates that regional tectonic inversion occurs in strata above Silurian system in Tarim platform area owing to neotectonic movement,leading to southward migration of top structural highs in different horizons.The neotectonic movement has two effects on controlling hydrocarbons in Tarim basin.One is that some large-scale structural traps favorable for late-stage hydrocarbon accumulation were formed around this basin and provided huge power for hydrocarbon migration in late stage.The other is the movement changed and reconstructed the trap conditions of ancient oil reservoirs shaped in early stage,resulting in the hydrocarbon remigration in them and consequently forming new oil reservoirs with complex oil-water contact and still being charged with fluid nowadays.
The neotectonic movement around Tarim basin assumes intense thrust nappe structure.The Xiyu formation of Lower Pleistocene(Q1x) in different areas around the basin thrusts into different strata or is covered by old strata in different ages and rolled into folds in different scales.3D seismic interpretation indicates that regional tectonic inversion occurs in strata above Silurian system in Tarim platform area owing to neotectonic movement,leading to southward migration of top structural highs in different horizons.The neotectonic movement has two effects on controlling hydrocarbons in Tarim basin.One is that some large-scale structural traps favorable for late-stage hydrocarbon accumulation were formed around this basin and provided huge power for hydrocarbon migration in late stage.The other is the movement changed and reconstructed the trap conditions of ancient oil reservoirs shaped in early stage,resulting in the hydrocarbon remigration in them and consequently forming new oil reservoirs with complex oil-water contact and still being charged with fluid nowadays.
引文
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[2]贾承造,姚慧君,魏国齐,等.塔里木盆地板块构造演化和主要构造单元地质构造特征[A].童晓光,梁狄刚.塔里木盆地油气勘探论文集[C].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社:1992:207-225.
[3]贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,等.盆地构造演化与区域构造地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.
[4]贾承造.塔里木盆地中新生代构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[5]陈楚铭,卢华复,贾东,等.塔里木盆地晚第三纪-第四纪沉积特征、构造变形与石油地质意义[J].沉积学报,1998,16(2):114-116.
[6]АКБашарин,СЮБеляев,ГСФрадкин.喜马拉雅运动在新疆中、新生代盆地形成中的作用[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(1):72-80.
[7]赵靖舟,田军.满西地区构造演化史[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(2):108-113.
[8]赵靖舟,贾承造.塔里木盆地阿瓦提-满加尔低梁构造特征和形成演化[J].地质论评,2002,48(1):68-73.
[9]Abdrakhmatov K Y.Relative recent construction of the Tienshan inferred from GPS measurements of present-day crust deformation[J].Nature,1996,384:450-453.
[10]王琪,丁国瑜,乔学军,等.天山现今地壳快速缩短与南北地块的相对运动[J].科学通报,2000,45(14):1543-1547.
[11]赵孟军,黄弟藩.塔里木盆地古生界油源对比[A].贾承造主编.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展[C].北京:科学出版社,1996:300310.
[12]顾忆.塔里木盆地北部塔河油田油气藏成藏机制[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(4):307-312.
[13]赵靖舟.油气水界面追溯法与塔里木盆地海相油气成藏期分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2001a,28(4):53-56.
[14]赵靖舟.塔里木盆地北部寒武-奥陶系海相烃源岩重新认识[J].沉积学报,2001b,19(1):117-124.
[15]赵靖舟,李秀荣.晚期调整再成藏——塔里木盆地海相油气藏形成的一个重要特征[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(2):89-91.
[16]孙龙德,江同文,徐汉林,等.非稳态成藏理论探索与实践[J].海相油气地质,2008,13(3):11-16.
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