地震堰塞湖对山区河流的影响与综合治理
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摘要
2008年5月12日,中国四川汶川发生里氏8.0级地震,对四川和甘肃的13个县市造成了严重破坏。强烈的主震和余震在地震区造成了大量的滚石、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、碎屑流等次生山地灾害,大规模滑坡崩塌堵断河道形成堰塞湖,引起山区河流强烈演变。分析了汶川"5.12"地震在四川省境内形成的众多堰塞湖(体)的不同类型、组成特征,提出堰塞体等河道堆积物对河流自然形态、生态环境和人类社会可能存在的影响。针对震后山区河流开发保护与生态环境建设的目标,对堰塞体综合治理提出了具体的指导意见和措施,以便尽可能地避害趋利,有效维护河流的健康。
On 12 May 2008,a devastating mega-earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck the Wenchuan area,northwestern Sichuan province,China.Wenchuan earthquake inevitably impaired the stability of mountains in the course of massive reverse-thrust strike-slip motion in the fault zone.Geohazards were triggered with the types of rock fall,rock avalanches,landslides,debris flows,and earthquake-lakes.In this paper,the types and characteristics of dammed lakes induced by Wenchuan earthquake are analized.The dammed lakes would seriously influence the river sediment transportation,fluvial processes and ecoenvironment.Consequently,the guidline and effective approaches for river restoration of dammed lake are susggested,so as to mitigate hazard loss and make the rivers influenced by the dammed lake serve us better.
On 12 May 2008,a devastating mega-earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck the Wenchuan area,northwestern Sichuan province,China.Wenchuan earthquake inevitably impaired the stability of mountains in the course of massive reverse-thrust strike-slip motion in the fault zone.Geohazards were triggered with the types of rock fall,rock avalanches,landslides,debris flows,and earthquake-lakes.In this paper,the types and characteristics of dammed lakes induced by Wenchuan earthquake are analized.The dammed lakes would seriously influence the river sediment transportation,fluvial processes and ecoenvironment.Consequently,the guidline and effective approaches for river restoration of dammed lake are susggested,so as to mitigate hazard loss and make the rivers influenced by the dammed lake serve us better.
引文
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[2]Cui Peng,Han Yongshun,Chen Xiaoqing.Distribution andrisk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earth-quake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Sci-ence Edition,2009,41(3):35-42.[崔鹏,韩用顺,陈晓清.汶川地震堰塞湖分布规律与风险评估[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):35-42.]
[3]唐荣昌,韩渭宾.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:57-66.
[4]Costa J E,Schuster R L.Documented historical landsidedams from around the world[R].U.S.Geological SurveyOpen-File Report91-239.U.S.Geological Survey,1991.
[5]台湾减灾中心.集集地震堵塞坝破坏调查报告[R].1999.
[6]Casagli N,Ermini L,Rosati G.Determining grain size dis-tribution of the material composing landside dams in theNorthern Apennines:Sampling and processing methods[J].Engineering Geology,2003,69:83-97.
[7]Shang Y,Yang Z,Li L,et al.A super-large landside inTibet in 2000:Background,occurrence,disaster,and ori-gin[J].Geomorphology,2003,54:225-243.
[8]Nie Gaozhong,Gao Jianguo,Deng Yan.Preliminary studyin earthquake-induced dammed lake[J].Quaternary Sci-ences,2004,24(3):293-301.[聂高众,高建国,邓砚.地震诱发的堰塞湖初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2004,24(3):293-301.]
[9]Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Advances instudies of river sediment and fluvial processes of the Upper-Yangtze river in earthquake background[J].Journal of Si-chuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):26-34.[曹叔尤,刘兴年,黄尔,等.地震背景下的川江流域泥沙与河床演变问题研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):26-34.]
[10]Yang Fengguang,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Study onthe incipient velocity of Tangjiashan Barrier Lake down-stream area sediment[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):84-89.[杨奉广,刘兴年,黄尔,等.唐家山堰塞湖下游河床泥沙起动流速研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):84-89.]
[11]Niu Zhipan,Xu Weilin,Zhang Jianmin,et al.Experimen-tal investigation of scour and dam-break of landside dam[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering ScienceEdition,2009,41(3):90-95.[牛志攀,许唯临,张建民,等.堰塞湖冲刷及溃决实验研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):90-95.]
[12]梁军.堰塞湖应急排险与除险治理综述[C]//汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.中国岩石力学与工程学会.北京:科学出版社,2009:999-1007.
[13]The Federal Interagency Stream Restoration WorkingGroup.Stream Corridor Restoration Principles,Processes,and Practices[R].GPO Intem No.0120-A,SuDocs No.A57.6/2:EN 3/PT.653.ISBN-0-93412-59-3.1998:1-660.
[14]Wang Zhaoyin,Tian Shimin,Yi Yujun.On direction ofriver restoration[J].Water Resources of China,2008,13:1-3.[王兆印,田世民,易雨君.论河流治理的方向[J].中国水利,2008,13:1-3.]
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