散粒体离心模型自组织临界性及地震效应分析
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摘要
基于自组织临界性(SOC)理论,运用土工离心模型试验技术,开展了粒径为0.5～1.0 mm的均匀沙和非均匀系数φ=3.1的非均匀沙两种级配的散粒体沙堆模型试验。并在试验基础上分析了散粒体斜坡崩滑地质灾害的SOC现象和地震诱发作用下散粒体斜坡崩滑失稳的模式与规律。研究结果表明,大尺度松散堆积散粒体系统在一定条件下也能呈现SOC现象,体现了以土木工程为背景的散粒体斜坡崩滑地质灾害规律,突破了关于SOC研究的尺寸效应问题;同时该沙堆模型离心试验还模拟了在拟静力水平地震力作用下散粒体斜坡崩滑的失稳模式,提出了在相当于地震烈度为Ⅴ度的拟静力水平地震力诱发作用下,φ=3.1的非均匀沙石散粒体系统崩滑失稳符合幂律分布,呈现SOC的结论。
A sand dune with one slope was used as the simplied pattern of a loose slope.Two groups of centrifugal model tests on uniform sand with the sorting coefficient φ=1 and non-uniform sand with the sorting coefficient φ=3.10 were reported.Based on the theory of self-organized criticality(SOC),the SOC phenomenon of landslides and avalanches of loose slopes were analyzed by centrifugal model tests on sand dune.It was indicated that large-scale loose granular mixtures systems exhibited also SOC phenomenon with scale effect.Furthermore,this centrifugal model tests on sand-piles also simulated the modes of the landslides and avalanches of loose slopes induced by earthquakes.It could be concluded from the centrifugal model test results that the landslides and avalanches of loose slopes induced by earthquakes conformed to power formula.
A sand dune with one slope was used as the simplied pattern of a loose slope.Two groups of centrifugal model tests on uniform sand with the sorting coefficient φ=1 and non-uniform sand with the sorting coefficient φ=3.10 were reported.Based on the theory of self-organized criticality(SOC),the SOC phenomenon of landslides and avalanches of loose slopes were analyzed by centrifugal model tests on sand dune.It was indicated that large-scale loose granular mixtures systems exhibited also SOC phenomenon with scale effect.Furthermore,this centrifugal model tests on sand-piles also simulated the modes of the landslides and avalanches of loose slopes induced by earthquakes.It could be concluded from the centrifugal model test results that the landslides and avalanches of loose slopes induced by earthquakes conformed to power formula.
引文
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[2]BAK Per,TANG Chao,WIESENFELD Kurt.Self-organized criticality[J].Phys Rev A,1988,11(1):364–374.
[3]BAK Per,TANG Chao,WIESENFELD Kurt.Self-organized criticality:an explanation of 1/f noise[J].Phys Rev Lett,1987,59(4):81–384.
[4]BAK Per,CHEN Kan.Self-organized criticality[J].Scientific American,1991,264(1):26–33.
[5]姚令侃,黄渊,陆阳.自组织临界性及其在斜坡重力作用灾害研究中的应用[J].中国科学(E辑),2003,33(增刊):1–11.(YAO Ling-kan,HUANG Yuan,LU Yang.Self-organized criticality and its application in the slope disasters under gravity[J].Science in China(Ser.E),2003,46(S):1–11.(in Chinese))
[6]HELD Glenn A.Experimental study of critical-mass fluctuations in an evolving sand-pile[J].Phys Rev Lett,1990,65(9):1120–1123.
[7]姚令侃,方铎.非均匀沙自组织性及其应用研究[J].水利学报,1997(3):26–32.(YAO Ling-kan,FANG Duo.Study on the self-organized criticality of non-uniform sands and its application[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1997(3):26–32.(in Chinese))
[8]YAO Ling-kan,FANG Duo.On the self-organized criticality of non-uniform sands[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,1998,13(3):19–24.
[9]姚令侃,李仕雄,蒋良潍.自组织临界性及其在散粒体研究中的应用[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2003,35(1):8–14.(YAO Ling-kan,LI Shi-xiong,JIANG Liang-wei.Self-organized criticality and its application in granular mixtures[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2003,35(1):8–14.(in Chinese))
[10]GEMPERLINE Mark C,KO Hon Yim.Centrifugal model tests for ultimate bearing capacity of footings on step slopes in cohesionless soils[C]//Ccentrifuge 88.1988:203–221.
[11]汪小刚,张建红,等.用离心模型研究岩石边坡的倾倒破坏[J].岩土工程学报,1996,9(5):14–21.(WANG Xiao-gang,ZHANG Jian-hong,et al.Investigation on mechanism of slope toppling failure by centrifuge model testing[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1996,9(5):14–21.(in Chinese)
[12]包承纲,饶锡保.土工离心模型的试验原理[J].长江科学院院报,1998,15(2):2–7.(BAO Chen-gang,RAO Xi-bao.Principle of the geotechnical centrifuge model test[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1998,15(2):2–7.(in Chinese))
[13]陈昌凯,阮永芬,熊恩来.地震作用下边坡稳定的动力分析方法[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,7(1):1054–1057.(CHEN Chang-kai,RUAN Yong-fen,XIONG En-la.Dynamic analysis method of slope stability in earthquake function[J].Chinese Journal of Under Ground Space and Engineering,2005,7(1):1054–1057.(in Chinese))
[14]胡定,张利民.土工抗震试验与分析[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1991:169–180.(HU Ding,ZHANG Li-min.Geotechnical seismic experimental and analyse[M].Chengdu:Chengdu Science and Technology University Press,1991:169–180.(in Chinese))
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