东太平洋CC区板块构造和多金属结核资源效应探讨
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摘要
利用东太平洋CC区多波束海底地形测量、结核覆盖率深拖系统探测、结核丰度地质采样和地球物理地震勘探资料 ,运用板块构造和沉积动力学理论 ,并与丰度趋势面和神经网络分析结果对比 ,对东太平洋CC区构造与多金属结核资源效应关系进行了探讨 ,并认为 :(1 )富集在研究区约 2 0 0亿t结核的最主要控制因素是东太平洋海隆、莱恩山脉、克拉里昂 -克利伯顿大断裂 (Clarion—ClippertonFractureZone) ,东、西、南、北的四个构造单元为结核大量富集起到了框架性的关键作用 ;(2 )本区经历了和遵循着海底扩张的基本过程 ,这个过程对结核物质来源、成矿作用、结核分布有重大影响 ,结核丰度、覆盖率与地形变化非常一致 ,重大相变距离为 1 0～ 1 5km ,基底自形成以来一直影响着地表结核 ;(3)地球深部地质作用过程对结核成矿作用也有一定影响 ,影响因素可能涉及基底岩浆房及其大小等 .
In the western part of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in the Pacific, a series of geological and geophysical work has been carried out in the past years. The photograph of the deep-tow television camera has finished and the coverage of the manganese nodules is estimated. The nodule's abundance is obtained by means of the traditional geological sampling. The detailed Seabeam investigation and the seismic reflection are also measured. According to these important data and adopting the principle of the plate tectonics and the sedimentary dynamics, the effect of manganese nodule resources associated with the tectonics has been approached and the significant phenomena have been revealed. (1) The East Pacific Rise, the Clarion transform fault and the Clipperton transform fault, Line Mountains act as the key that has riched about amount of 200×10 8 t manganese nodule resources. (2) The sea floor of the research area has undergone in the process of the spreading based on the high resolution bathymetric data, the process is very important to the nodule distribution and its mineralization, as well as the material source of forming the nodule. (3) The variations of abundance and coverage of the nodules are coincided with the feature of the sea bottom. The change distance of the pronounced phase is about 15 km. Since the base has formed, it has affected manganese nodules. (4) The geological processes in the earth such as the activities of the magma chamber should be factor that has been controlling the formation and the growth of the manganese nodules in the area.
In the western part of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in the Pacific, a series of geological and geophysical work has been carried out in the past years. The photograph of the deep-tow television camera has finished and the coverage of the manganese nodules is estimated. The nodule's abundance is obtained by means of the traditional geological sampling. The detailed Seabeam investigation and the seismic reflection are also measured. According to these important data and adopting the principle of the plate tectonics and the sedimentary dynamics, the effect of manganese nodule resources associated with the tectonics has been approached and the significant phenomena have been revealed. (1) The East Pacific Rise, the Clarion transform fault and the Clipperton transform fault, Line Mountains act as the key that has riched about amount of 200×10 8 t manganese nodule resources. (2) The sea floor of the research area has undergone in the process of the spreading based on the high resolution bathymetric data, the process is very important to the nodule distribution and its mineralization, as well as the material source of forming the nodule. (3) The variations of abundance and coverage of the nodules are coincided with the feature of the sea bottom. The change distance of the pronounced phase is about 15 km. Since the base has formed, it has affected manganese nodules. (4) The geological processes in the earth such as the activities of the magma chamber should be factor that has been controlling the formation and the growth of the manganese nodules in the area.
引文
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[7] BALLARDRD ,etal.EastPacificRiseat 2 1°N :thevolcanicandhydrothermalprocessofthecentralaxis[J],EarthandPlanetScienceLetters,1981,5 5 (1) :1～ 10 .
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[9] 章伟艳 ,张富元 ,马维林 .东太平洋多金属结核二维趋势面分析 [J].东海海洋 ,2 0 0 1,19(1) .
[10 ] 王 英 ,金翔龙 .人工神经网络在多金属结核研究中的应用 [J].海洋学报 ,1998,2 0 (5 ) :83～ 89.
[11] 张富元 .克立格法在大洋多金属结核资源量计算和资源评价中应用 [J] 海洋学报 ,1995 ,17(4 ) :94～ 10 0 .
[12 ] WILSONJT .Anewclassoffaultsandtheirbearingoncontinentaldrift [J].Nature ,196 5 ,2 0 7:343～ 347.
[13] 金翔龙 .东太平洋多金属结核矿带海洋地质与矿床特征 [M ].北京 :海洋出版社 ,1997.
[14] BERTINEKK .OriginofLauBasinRisesediment[J].GeochemicaetCosmochimicaActa ,1974,38:6 2 9～ 6 40 .
[15 ] 张富元 .南海表层沉积物中Ba/Cu比值与海底扩张关系 [J].海洋学报 ,1993 ,15 (5 ) :98～ 10 3 .
[16 ] MACDONALDKC ,FOXPJ.Overlappingspreadingcentres:newaccretiongeometryontheEastPacificRise [J].Na ture ,1983,30 2 (5 90 3) :5 5～ 5 8.
[17] MACDONALDKC ,FOXPJ,PERRAMLJ ,etal.Anewofthemid oceanridgefromthebehaviourofridge axisdis continuities [J].Nature ,1988,335 (6 187) :2 17～ 2 2 3.
[18] 朱而勤 .近代海洋地质学 [M ].青岛 :青岛海洋大学出版社 ,1991.
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