矿井底板突水的水力劈裂研究
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摘要
矿井承压水上采煤底板突水问题是一个困难的问题。困难之处就在于影响因素太多,而且由于矿井条件的不同,难以找到统一的处理模式。从水力劈裂的机理入手,通过分析工作面推进过程中采场及采空区底板力学条件变化导致的渗透性改变,来推断底板突水的危险程度。在分析过程中,引入了损伤的概念。损伤被用来描述采场底板的破坏程度(结构演变情况),底板岩体的破坏直接导致底板渗透性的改变;渗透性的改变为承压水提供了通路,增加了底板突水的可能性。针对正交各向异性岩体建立了渗透系数与损伤变量的函数关系,以此描述底板破坏对渗透性的影响。针对具体的算例,得到了矿井底板突水的危险位置。
s:It is a big diffusion for the mechanics of water inrush in coal mining that is above a confined aquifer. because there are many influencing factors. The situation differs greatly in various coal mining districts,and it is difficult to find a uniform model to solve the problem. In this paper,based on rock hydraulic fracture mechanism and its penetrability alteration,the base plate′s stress state changing was studied. All of those would increase the possibility of water inrush. Aimed at a case of study,a water inrush danger location was presented and the concept was introduced. Damage parameters are used to describe the degree of rock damage,i.e.,the rock structure evolution. The rock damage would induce the change of the penetrability. It was important for water inrush forecasting in mining works because the changes of base plate penetrability would make ways for the water form confined aquifer. Based on perpendicular anisotropic rock to upbuild the relation function between permeability coefficient and damage parameter,which was used to deduce the permeability change with base plate damage,the results of the numerical computing show that it agrees well with the real case.
s:It is a big diffusion for the mechanics of water inrush in coal mining that is above a confined aquifer. because there are many influencing factors. The situation differs greatly in various coal mining districts,and it is difficult to find a uniform model to solve the problem. In this paper,based on rock hydraulic fracture mechanism and its penetrability alteration,the base plate′s stress state changing was studied. All of those would increase the possibility of water inrush. Aimed at a case of study,a water inrush danger location was presented and the concept was introduced. Damage parameters are used to describe the degree of rock damage,i.e.,the rock structure evolution. The rock damage would induce the change of the penetrability. It was important for water inrush forecasting in mining works because the changes of base plate penetrability would make ways for the water form confined aquifer. Based on perpendicular anisotropic rock to upbuild the relation function between permeability coefficient and damage parameter,which was used to deduce the permeability change with base plate damage,the results of the numerical computing show that it agrees well with the real case.
引文
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[8]VeatchR W.Overview of current hydraulic fracture design and treatment technology—part2[J].J.Pet.Technol.,1983,(4):853– 863.
[9]MurdochL C,SlackW W.Forms of hydraulic fractures in shallow fine-grained formations[J].J.Geotech.Geoenviron.Eng.,2002,128(6):479–487.
[10]王建军.应用水压致裂法测量三维地应力的几个问题[J].岩石力 学与工程学报,2000,19(2):229–233.(WangJianjun.Several problems in application of hydraulic fracturing method to in-situ3D stress measurement[J].ChineseJournal ofRockMechanics andEngineering,2000,19(2):229–233.(inChinese))
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[12]刘允芳.水压致裂法三维地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):246–256.(LiuYunfang.In-situ3-demensional stress measurements by hydraulic fracturing technique[J].ChineseJournal ofRockMechanics andEngineering,1991,10(3):246–256.(inChinese)
[13]刘允芳,罗超文,景锋.水压致裂法三维地应力测量及其修正和工程应用[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(4):465–470.(LiuYunfang,LuoChaowen,JingFeng.3D geostress measurement by hydrofracturing technique and its engineering application[J].ChineseJournal ofGeotechnicalEngineering,1999,21(4):465–470.(inChinese))
[14]刘允芳,钟作武,汪洁.水压致裂法三维地应力测量成果计算与分析的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):833– 838.(LiuYunfang,ZhongZuowu,WangJie.Interpretation of3-dimensional geostress results measured by hydraulic fracturing technique[J].ChineseJournal ofRockMechanics andEngineering,2002,21(6):833–838.(inChinese))
[15]郭启良,安其美,赵仕广.水压致裂应力测量在广州抽水蓄能电站设计中的应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):828–832.(GuoQiliang,AnQimei,ZhaoShiguang.Application of hydraulic fracturing test in the design ofGuangzhou pump storage project[J].ChineseJournal ofRockMechanics andEngineering,2002,21(6):828–832.(inChinese))
[16]ItoT,EvansK,KawaiK,et al.Hydraulic fracture reopening pressure and the estimation of maximum horizontal stress[J].Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.,1999,36:811–826.
[17]KleeG,RummelF ,WilliamsA.Hydraulic fracturing stress measurement inHongKong[J].Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.,1999,36:731–741.
[18]李自强.水压致裂法地下绝对应力测量[A].见:中国诱发地震[C].北京:地震出版社,1984.61–68.(LiZiqiang.Hydraulic fracturing method to in-situ stress measurement[A].In:ChinaInducedEarthquake[C].Beijing:EarthquakePress,1984.61– 68.(inChinese))
[19]MorgensternN R,VaughanP R.Some observations on allowable grouting pressures[A].In:Proc.Conf.Grouts andDrill[C].London:Muds,Institute ofCivilEngineering,1963.36–42.
[20]WongH Y,FarmerI W.Hydro-fracture mechanisms in rock during pressure grouting[J].RockMech.,1973,(5):21–41.
[21]Murdoch,LC.Forms of hydraulic fractures created during a field test infine-grained glacial drift[J].Q.J.Eng.Geol.,1995,28:23–35.
[22]MurdochL C.Remidation of organic chemicals in the vadose zone[A].In:LooneyB B,FaltaR W ed.Vadose zone,Science andTechnologySolutions[C].[s. l.]:[s. n.],2000.949–1237.
[23]PollardD D.Derivation and evaluation of a mechanical model for sheet intrusions[J].Tectonophysics,1973,19:233–269.
[24]PollardD D.Forms of hydraulic fractures as deduced from field studies of sheet intrusions[A].In:KimY S ed.UnitedStatesSymposium ofRockMechanics[C].Reno,Nev.:Univ. ofNevada,1978.1–9.
[25]PollardD D,JohnsonA M.Mechanics of growth of some laccolithic intrusions in theHenry mountains[J].Tectonophysics,1973,18:311–354.
[26]余天庆,钱济成.损伤理论及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1994.109–114.(YuTianqing,QianJicheng.DamageTheory andItsApplication[M].Beijing:NationalDefenseIndustryPress,1994.109–114.(inChinese))
[27]朱珍德.裂缝岩体损伤流变模型研究及其应用[R].成都:四川大学,1999.(ZhuZhende.A study on damage and rheological model of rock mass and its application[R].Chengdu:SichuanUniversity,1999.(inChinese))
[28]朱珍德,张爱军,徐卫亚.脆性岩石全应力–应变过程渗流特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,,23(5):–563.(ZhuZhende,Zhang2002556Aijun,XuWeiya.Experimental research on compete stress-strain process seepage characteristics of brittle rock[J].Rock andSoilMechanics,2002,23(5):556–563.(inChinese))
[29]杨天鸿,唐春安,朱万成等.岩石破裂过程渗流与应力耦合分析[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):489–493.(YangTianhong,TangChun′an,ZhuWancheng,et al.Coupling analysis of seepage and stresses in rock failure process[J].ChineseJournal ofGeotechnicalEngineering,2001,23(4):489–493.(inChinese))
[30]李连崇,杨天鸿,唐春安等.岩石水压致裂问题的耦合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(7):1060–1066.(LiLianchong,YangTianhong,TangChun′an,et al.Coupling analysis on hydraulic fracturing process of rock[J].ChineseJournal ofRockMechanics andEngineering,2003,22(7):1060–1066.(inChinese))
[2]WangJ A,ParkH D.Coal mining above a confined aquifer[J].InternationalJournal ofRockMechanics andMiningSciences,2003,40:537–551.
[3]黎良杰,钱鸣高,殷有泉.采场底板突水相似材料模拟研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,1997,25(1):33–36.(LiLiangjie,QianMinggao,YinYouquan.Research on the tests of water-inrush from floor simulated by similar materials[J].CoalMiningGeology andProspecting,1997,25(1):33–36.(inChinese))
[4]王连国,宋扬.煤层底板突水突变模型[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(2):160–163.(WangLianguo,SongYang.A catastrophic model of water-inrush from coal floor[J].Journal ofEngineeringGeology,2000,8(2):160–163.(inChinese))
[5]高延法,施龙青,娄华君等.底板突水规律与突水优势面[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999.(GaoYanfa,ShiLongqing,LouHuajun,ed al.Law ofMiningFloorWater-inrush andItsPreferredPlane[M].Xuzhou:ChinaUniversity ofMining andTechnologyPress,1999.(inChinese))
[6]GidleyJ L,HolditchS A,NierodeD E,et al.Recent advances in hydraulic fracture[J].SocietyPetroleumEngineeringMonograph,1989,452:119–204
[7]VeatchR W.Overview of current hydraulic fracture design and treatment technology—part1[J].J.Pet.Technol.,1983,(3):677– 687.
[8]VeatchR W.Overview of current hydraulic fracture design and treatment technology—part2[J].J.Pet.Technol.,1983,(4):853– 863.
[9]MurdochL C,SlackW W.Forms of hydraulic fractures in shallow fine-grained formations[J].J.Geotech.Geoenviron.Eng.,2002,128(6):479–487.
[10]王建军.应用水压致裂法测量三维地应力的几个问题[J].岩石力 学与工程学报,2000,19(2):229–233.(WangJianjun.Several problems in application of hydraulic fracturing method to in-situ3D stress measurement[J].ChineseJournal ofRockMechanics andEngineering,2000,19(2):229–233.(inChinese))
[11]陈群策,安美建,李方全.水压致裂法三维地应力测量的理论探讨[J].地质力学学报,1998,:–43.(ChenQunce,Meijian,4(1)37AnLiFangquan.Theoretical discussion on3D hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurement[J].Journal ofGeomechanics,1998,4(1):37–43.(inChinese))
[12]刘允芳.水压致裂法三维地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):246–256.(LiuYunfang.In-situ3-demensional stress measurements by hydraulic fracturing technique[J].ChineseJournal ofRockMechanics andEngineering,1991,10(3):246–256.(inChinese)
[13]刘允芳,罗超文,景锋.水压致裂法三维地应力测量及其修正和工程应用[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(4):465–470.(LiuYunfang,LuoChaowen,JingFeng.3D geostress measurement by hydrofracturing technique and its engineering application[J].ChineseJournal ofGeotechnicalEngineering,1999,21(4):465–470.(inChinese))
[14]刘允芳,钟作武,汪洁.水压致裂法三维地应力测量成果计算与分析的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):833– 838.(LiuYunfang,ZhongZuowu,WangJie.Interpretation of3-dimensional geostress results measured by hydraulic fracturing technique[J].ChineseJournal ofRockMechanics andEngineering,2002,21(6):833–838.(inChinese))
[15]郭启良,安其美,赵仕广.水压致裂应力测量在广州抽水蓄能电站设计中的应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):828–832.(GuoQiliang,AnQimei,ZhaoShiguang.Application of hydraulic fracturing test in the design ofGuangzhou pump storage project[J].ChineseJournal ofRockMechanics andEngineering,2002,21(6):828–832.(inChinese))
[16]ItoT,EvansK,KawaiK,et al.Hydraulic fracture reopening pressure and the estimation of maximum horizontal stress[J].Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.,1999,36:811–826.
[17]KleeG,RummelF ,WilliamsA.Hydraulic fracturing stress measurement inHongKong[J].Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.,1999,36:731–741.
[18]李自强.水压致裂法地下绝对应力测量[A].见:中国诱发地震[C].北京:地震出版社,1984.61–68.(LiZiqiang.Hydraulic fracturing method to in-situ stress measurement[A].In:ChinaInducedEarthquake[C].Beijing:EarthquakePress,1984.61– 68.(inChinese))
[19]MorgensternN R,VaughanP R.Some observations on allowable grouting pressures[A].In:Proc.Conf.Grouts andDrill[C].London:Muds,Institute ofCivilEngineering,1963.36–42.
[20]WongH Y,FarmerI W.Hydro-fracture mechanisms in rock during pressure grouting[J].RockMech.,1973,(5):21–41.
[21]Murdoch,LC.Forms of hydraulic fractures created during a field test infine-grained glacial drift[J].Q.J.Eng.Geol.,1995,28:23–35.
[22]MurdochL C.Remidation of organic chemicals in the vadose zone[A].In:LooneyB B,FaltaR W ed.Vadose zone,Science andTechnologySolutions[C].[s. l.]:[s. n.],2000.949–1237.
[23]PollardD D.Derivation and evaluation of a mechanical model for sheet intrusions[J].Tectonophysics,1973,19:233–269.
[24]PollardD D.Forms of hydraulic fractures as deduced from field studies of sheet intrusions[A].In:KimY S ed.UnitedStatesSymposium ofRockMechanics[C].Reno,Nev.:Univ. ofNevada,1978.1–9.
[25]PollardD D,JohnsonA M.Mechanics of growth of some laccolithic intrusions in theHenry mountains[J].Tectonophysics,1973,18:311–354.
[26]余天庆,钱济成.损伤理论及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1994.109–114.(YuTianqing,QianJicheng.DamageTheory andItsApplication[M].Beijing:NationalDefenseIndustryPress,1994.109–114.(inChinese))
[27]朱珍德.裂缝岩体损伤流变模型研究及其应用[R].成都:四川大学,1999.(ZhuZhende.A study on damage and rheological model of rock mass and its application[R].Chengdu:SichuanUniversity,1999.(inChinese))
[28]朱珍德,张爱军,徐卫亚.脆性岩石全应力–应变过程渗流特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,,23(5):–563.(ZhuZhende,Zhang2002556Aijun,XuWeiya.Experimental research on compete stress-strain process seepage characteristics of brittle rock[J].Rock andSoilMechanics,2002,23(5):556–563.(inChinese))
[29]杨天鸿,唐春安,朱万成等.岩石破裂过程渗流与应力耦合分析[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):489–493.(YangTianhong,TangChun′an,ZhuWancheng,et al.Coupling analysis of seepage and stresses in rock failure process[J].ChineseJournal ofGeotechnicalEngineering,2001,23(4):489–493.(inChinese))
[30]李连崇,杨天鸿,唐春安等.岩石水压致裂问题的耦合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(7):1060–1066.(LiLianchong,YangTianhong,TangChun′an,et al.Coupling analysis on hydraulic fracturing process of rock[J].ChineseJournal ofRockMechanics andEngineering,2003,22(7):1060–1066.(inChinese))
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