海洋油气目标地球化学探测及其在南黄海海域的应用
摘要
海洋油气的目标地球化学探测是直接为局部构造排序和钻探井位优选而采取的一种综合性的油气勘探技术。首先是进行目标区海底油气渗漏的地球物理识别,具体包括:利用合成孔径雷达对海水表面油膜的识别,利用侧扫声纳、多波速和浅地层剖面测量对海底表面特征的识别,以及利用二维、三维地震对海底深层特征的识别等;然后是开展目标区油气地球化学探测,包括取样站位布设,样品采集和处理,地球化学指标分析测试,地球化学异常提取和综合评价等。通过对南黄海目标区侧扫声纳、浅地层剖面,以及二维地震资料的综合分析,确定了可能油气渗漏区,开展了油气地球化学探测,识别出了单指标异常和多指标综合异常,划分了4个地球化学区。地球化学区与目标区内的局部构造和断裂构造关系密切。综合评价结果表明,4个地球化学区含油气性优劣的排序是Ⅰ区>Ⅲ区>Ⅱ区>Ⅳ区。据此建议钻探井位布设在Ⅰ区即ZC7-1构造或Ⅲ区即ZC13-3构造上。
引文
[1]Michael A.Abrams.Significance of hydrocarbon seep-age relative to petroleumgeneration and entrapment[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22:457-477.
[2]Michael A.Abrams,et al.Evaluating Peteroleumsys-tems infrontier exploration areas using seabed geochem-istry[J].2004,World Oil,225(6):53-60.
[3]Whelan J,et al.Surface and subsurface manifestationsof gas movement through a N-S transect of the Gulf ofMexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22:479-497.
[4]Gaedicke C,Baranov B V,et al.Seismic stratigraphy,BSR distribution,and venting of methane-rich fluidswest off Paramushir and Onekotan Islands,northernKurils[J].Marine Geology,1997,136:259-276.
[5]Riedel M,et al.Seismic investigations of a vent fieldassociated with gas hydrates,offshore Vancouver Is-land[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2002,107:1-16.
[6]Schroot B M,Klaver G T,et al.Surface and subsurfaceexpressions of gas seepage to the seabed-examples fromthe Southern North Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Ge-ology,2005,22:499-515.
[7]Sager W W,Macgonald I R,et al.Geophysical signa-tures of mud mounds at hydrocarbon seeps on the Loui-siana continental slope,northern Gulf of Mexico,.Continental Shelf Research[J],2002,22:229-301.
[8]Missiaen T,Murphy S,et al.Very high-resolution seis-mic mapping of shallow gas in the Belgian coastal zone[J].Marine Geology,2003,198:97-132.
[9]Judd A G,Hovland M.The evidence of shallow gas inmarine sedi ments[J].Continental Shelf Research,1992,12(10):1 081-1 095.
[10]Heggland R.Gas seepage as anindicator of deeper pro-spective reservoirs:A study based on exploration 3Dseismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1998,15:1-9.
[11]Yun J W,Orange D L,et al.Subsurface gas offshoreof northern California and its link to submarine geo-morphology[J].Marine Geology,1999,154:357-368.
[12]宋海斌.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究Ⅱ:地震方法[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):110-118.
[13]Xie X,Li S,et al.Seismic evidence for fluid migrationpathways from an overpressured systemin the SouthChina Sea[J].Geofluids,2003,3:245-253.
[14]Taylor M H,Dillon WP,et al.Trapping and migra-tion of methane associated with the gas hydrate stabili-ty zone at the Blake Ridge Diapir:newinsights bottomacoustic reflection signature of hydrocarbon ultrahighresolution seismic data[J].Geo-Marine Letters,1999,18:267-276.
[15]Thomas R D,3D multichannel seismic reflection studyof variable-flux hydrocarbon seeps,continental slope,northern Gulf of Mexico[D].MS.thesis,Tex as A&M University,2003.
[16]Kopf AJ.Significance of mud volcanism[J].Reviewof Geophysics,2002,40(2):1-52.
[17]Milkow A V.Worldwide distribution of submarinemud volcanoes and associated gas hydrates[J].Geolo-gy,2000,167:29-42.
[18]Lee S H,Chough S K.Distribution and origin of shal-lowgas in deep-sea sedi ments of the Ulleung Basin,East Sea(Sea of Japan)[J].Geo-Mar Letter,2003,322:204-209.
[19]Ludmann Tand Wong H K.Characteristics of gas hy-drate ccurrences associated with mud diapirismand gasescape structures in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk[J].Marine Geology,2003,201:269-286.
[20]赵铁虎,张训华,王修田,等.南黄海盆地北部坳陷海底油气渗漏的声学探测[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(2):195-199.
[21]N Rollet,et al.Characterisation and correlation of ac-tive hydrocarbon seepage usinggeophysical data sets:An example fromthe tropical,carbonate Yampi Shelf,Northwest Australia[J].Marine and Petroleum Geolo-gy,2006,23:145-16.
[22]G W O’Brien.Yampi Shelf,Browse Basin,North-West Shelf,Australia:a test-bed for constraining hy-drocarbon migration and seepage rates using combina-tions of 2Dand 3Dseismic data and multiple,independ-ent remote sensing technologies[J].Marine and Petro-leum Geology,2005,22:517-549.
[23]S Beukelaer M D,et al.Distinct side-scan sonar,RA-DARSAT SAR,and acoustic profilersignatures of gasand oil seeps on the Gulf of Mexico slope[J].Geo-MarLett,2003,23:177-186.
[24]K S Jeong,et al.Geophysical and geochemical obser-vations on actively seeping hydrocarbon gases on thesouth-eastern Yellow Sea continental shelf[J].Geo-Mar Lett,2004,24:53-62.
[25]吴传芝,赵克斌,丁相玉.近海油气藏渗漏烃的检测方法综述[J].地质科技情报,2004,23(3):61-65.
[26]陈林,宋海斌.海底天然气渗漏的地球物理特征及识别方法[J],地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1 067-1 073.
[27]陈林,宋海斌.海底天然气渗漏地震探测方法的研究进展[J],天然气工业,2006,26(7):34-38.
[28]Kruglyakova R P,Byakov YA.Natural oil and gasseeps on the Black Sea floor[J].Geo-Mar Lett,200424:150-162.
[29]Judd A G,et al.The geological methane budget atcontinental margins andits influence on cli mate change[J].Geofliuds,2002,2:109-126.
[30]Judd A G.The global i mportance and context of meth-ane escape fromthe seabed[J].Geo-Mar Lett,2003,23:147-154.
[31]Garciagil S,Vilas F,et al.Shallowgasfeaturesinincised-valley fills(Ria de Vigo,NWSpain):a case study[J].Continental Shelf Research,2002,22:2303-2315.
[32]Hovland M,Judd A G.Seabed pockmarks and seepages:Impact onthe geology,biology andthe marine environment[M].London:Grahamand Trotman,1988.
[33]Mazurenko L L,Soloviev V A.Worldwide dis tribu-tion of deepwater fluid venting and potential occur renc-es of gas hydrate accumulations[J].Geo-Mar Lett,2003 23:162-176.
[34]Abrams M.Geophysical and geochemical evidence for sub-surface hydrocarbonleakageinthe Bering Sea,Alaska[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology.1992,9:208 221.
[35]Z櫣hlsdorff L,Spieb V,et al.I mplications for focusedfluid transport at the northern Cascadia accretionaryprismfrom a correlation between BSR occurrence andnear-sea-floor reflectivity anomalies i maged in a multi-frequency seismic data set[J].Int Journ Earth Sci-ences,2000,88:655-667.
[36]Fleischer P,Orsi T H,et al.Distribution of free gasin marine sedi ments:a global overview[J].Geo-MarLett,2001,21:103-122.
[37]Sager W W,Lee C S,et al.High-frequency near seepson the Northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope[J].Marine Geology,2003,195:153-176.
[38]Baraza J,Ercilla G.Gas-charged sedi ments and largepockmark-like features on the sedi ment of the slope.Gulf of Cadiz(SWSpain)[J],Marine and PetroleumGeology,1996,13(2):253-261.
[39]Casas D,Ercilla G,Baraza J.Acoustic evidences of gasin the continental slope of the Gulf of Cadiz E Atlantic[J].Geo-Mar lett,2003,23:300-310.
[40]Orange D L,Yun J,et al.Tracking California seafloor seeps with bathymetry,backscatter and ROVs[J].Continental Shelf Research,2002,22:2273-2290.
[2]Michael A.Abrams,et al.Evaluating Peteroleumsys-tems infrontier exploration areas using seabed geochem-istry[J].2004,World Oil,225(6):53-60.
[3]Whelan J,et al.Surface and subsurface manifestationsof gas movement through a N-S transect of the Gulf ofMexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22:479-497.
[4]Gaedicke C,Baranov B V,et al.Seismic stratigraphy,BSR distribution,and venting of methane-rich fluidswest off Paramushir and Onekotan Islands,northernKurils[J].Marine Geology,1997,136:259-276.
[5]Riedel M,et al.Seismic investigations of a vent fieldassociated with gas hydrates,offshore Vancouver Is-land[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2002,107:1-16.
[6]Schroot B M,Klaver G T,et al.Surface and subsurfaceexpressions of gas seepage to the seabed-examples fromthe Southern North Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Ge-ology,2005,22:499-515.
[7]Sager W W,Macgonald I R,et al.Geophysical signa-tures of mud mounds at hydrocarbon seeps on the Loui-siana continental slope,northern Gulf of Mexico,.Continental Shelf Research[J],2002,22:229-301.
[8]Missiaen T,Murphy S,et al.Very high-resolution seis-mic mapping of shallow gas in the Belgian coastal zone[J].Marine Geology,2003,198:97-132.
[9]Judd A G,Hovland M.The evidence of shallow gas inmarine sedi ments[J].Continental Shelf Research,1992,12(10):1 081-1 095.
[10]Heggland R.Gas seepage as anindicator of deeper pro-spective reservoirs:A study based on exploration 3Dseismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1998,15:1-9.
[11]Yun J W,Orange D L,et al.Subsurface gas offshoreof northern California and its link to submarine geo-morphology[J].Marine Geology,1999,154:357-368.
[12]宋海斌.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究Ⅱ:地震方法[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):110-118.
[13]Xie X,Li S,et al.Seismic evidence for fluid migrationpathways from an overpressured systemin the SouthChina Sea[J].Geofluids,2003,3:245-253.
[14]Taylor M H,Dillon WP,et al.Trapping and migra-tion of methane associated with the gas hydrate stabili-ty zone at the Blake Ridge Diapir:newinsights bottomacoustic reflection signature of hydrocarbon ultrahighresolution seismic data[J].Geo-Marine Letters,1999,18:267-276.
[15]Thomas R D,3D multichannel seismic reflection studyof variable-flux hydrocarbon seeps,continental slope,northern Gulf of Mexico[D].MS.thesis,Tex as A&M University,2003.
[16]Kopf AJ.Significance of mud volcanism[J].Reviewof Geophysics,2002,40(2):1-52.
[17]Milkow A V.Worldwide distribution of submarinemud volcanoes and associated gas hydrates[J].Geolo-gy,2000,167:29-42.
[18]Lee S H,Chough S K.Distribution and origin of shal-lowgas in deep-sea sedi ments of the Ulleung Basin,East Sea(Sea of Japan)[J].Geo-Mar Letter,2003,322:204-209.
[19]Ludmann Tand Wong H K.Characteristics of gas hy-drate ccurrences associated with mud diapirismand gasescape structures in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk[J].Marine Geology,2003,201:269-286.
[20]赵铁虎,张训华,王修田,等.南黄海盆地北部坳陷海底油气渗漏的声学探测[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(2):195-199.
[21]N Rollet,et al.Characterisation and correlation of ac-tive hydrocarbon seepage usinggeophysical data sets:An example fromthe tropical,carbonate Yampi Shelf,Northwest Australia[J].Marine and Petroleum Geolo-gy,2006,23:145-16.
[22]G W O’Brien.Yampi Shelf,Browse Basin,North-West Shelf,Australia:a test-bed for constraining hy-drocarbon migration and seepage rates using combina-tions of 2Dand 3Dseismic data and multiple,independ-ent remote sensing technologies[J].Marine and Petro-leum Geology,2005,22:517-549.
[23]S Beukelaer M D,et al.Distinct side-scan sonar,RA-DARSAT SAR,and acoustic profilersignatures of gasand oil seeps on the Gulf of Mexico slope[J].Geo-MarLett,2003,23:177-186.
[24]K S Jeong,et al.Geophysical and geochemical obser-vations on actively seeping hydrocarbon gases on thesouth-eastern Yellow Sea continental shelf[J].Geo-Mar Lett,2004,24:53-62.
[25]吴传芝,赵克斌,丁相玉.近海油气藏渗漏烃的检测方法综述[J].地质科技情报,2004,23(3):61-65.
[26]陈林,宋海斌.海底天然气渗漏的地球物理特征及识别方法[J],地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1 067-1 073.
[27]陈林,宋海斌.海底天然气渗漏地震探测方法的研究进展[J],天然气工业,2006,26(7):34-38.
[28]Kruglyakova R P,Byakov YA.Natural oil and gasseeps on the Black Sea floor[J].Geo-Mar Lett,200424:150-162.
[29]Judd A G,et al.The geological methane budget atcontinental margins andits influence on cli mate change[J].Geofliuds,2002,2:109-126.
[30]Judd A G.The global i mportance and context of meth-ane escape fromthe seabed[J].Geo-Mar Lett,2003,23:147-154.
[31]Garciagil S,Vilas F,et al.Shallowgasfeaturesinincised-valley fills(Ria de Vigo,NWSpain):a case study[J].Continental Shelf Research,2002,22:2303-2315.
[32]Hovland M,Judd A G.Seabed pockmarks and seepages:Impact onthe geology,biology andthe marine environment[M].London:Grahamand Trotman,1988.
[33]Mazurenko L L,Soloviev V A.Worldwide dis tribu-tion of deepwater fluid venting and potential occur renc-es of gas hydrate accumulations[J].Geo-Mar Lett,2003 23:162-176.
[34]Abrams M.Geophysical and geochemical evidence for sub-surface hydrocarbonleakageinthe Bering Sea,Alaska[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology.1992,9:208 221.
[35]Z櫣hlsdorff L,Spieb V,et al.I mplications for focusedfluid transport at the northern Cascadia accretionaryprismfrom a correlation between BSR occurrence andnear-sea-floor reflectivity anomalies i maged in a multi-frequency seismic data set[J].Int Journ Earth Sci-ences,2000,88:655-667.
[36]Fleischer P,Orsi T H,et al.Distribution of free gasin marine sedi ments:a global overview[J].Geo-MarLett,2001,21:103-122.
[37]Sager W W,Lee C S,et al.High-frequency near seepson the Northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope[J].Marine Geology,2003,195:153-176.
[38]Baraza J,Ercilla G.Gas-charged sedi ments and largepockmark-like features on the sedi ment of the slope.Gulf of Cadiz(SWSpain)[J],Marine and PetroleumGeology,1996,13(2):253-261.
[39]Casas D,Ercilla G,Baraza J.Acoustic evidences of gasin the continental slope of the Gulf of Cadiz E Atlantic[J].Geo-Mar lett,2003,23:300-310.
[40]Orange D L,Yun J,et al.Tracking California seafloor seeps with bathymetry,backscatter and ROVs[J].Continental Shelf Research,2002,22:2273-2290.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心