城市地震成灾机制分析
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摘要
城市是人类社会进步的产物,与农村相比,城市具有空间的集中性、人口的密集性、经济结构的多样性、聚集性、开放性和社会活动的广泛性及基础结构的完善性,因而地震灾害更为严重,抵御地震的能力更为脆弱,后果更具有全局性。城市地震灾害的成灾要素与城市的特点息息相关。人工环境、天然环境、社会环境的破坏及对人的伤害,是城市地震灾害成灾的四大要素,其中对人的伤害是第一要素。城市地震灾害的成灾机制是地震造成的直接后果、原生灾害、诱发灾害和次生灾害。了解这些,为我们制定城市综合防震减灾有重要意义。
The cities are the progressive outcome of mankind society. In comparison with the countryside, the cities have the concentration in space, the densely populated, the diversification-gathering-opening of economic structures, the wide-ranging of society activities and the perfect base structures. So the seismic disasters are more serious, the abilities of earthquake-resisting are more fragile, the consequences have more overall importance. The seismic disaster elements are closely linked the features of the cities. The man-made environment,natural environment, the destruction of social environment and the injury to the people are four important elements of seismic disasters in cities. Among four elements, the injury to the people is the first element. The seismic disaster mechanism in cities is that the earthquakes result in direct consequences, original disasters, induced disasters and secondary disasters. It is important for us to understand these to make the plan of synthetic earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in cities.
The cities are the progressive outcome of mankind society. In comparison with the countryside, the cities have the concentration in space, the densely populated, the diversification-gathering-opening of economic structures, the wide-ranging of society activities and the perfect base structures. So the seismic disasters are more serious, the abilities of earthquake-resisting are more fragile, the consequences have more overall importance. The seismic disaster elements are closely linked the features of the cities. The man-made environment,natural environment, the destruction of social environment and the injury to the people are four important elements of seismic disasters in cities. Among four elements, the injury to the people is the first element. The seismic disaster mechanism in cities is that the earthquakes result in direct consequences, original disasters, induced disasters and secondary disasters. It is important for us to understand these to make the plan of synthetic earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in cities.
引文
[1]郭增建,陈鑫连.地震对策[M].北京:地震出版社,1986.116,352.
[2]安徽省地震局.中外典型震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.103,2~3,6,106,40,2.
[3]王子平,陈非比,王绍玉.地震社会学初探[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.40.
[4]郭增建,陈鑫连.城市地震对策[M].北京:地震出版社,1991.27,276.
[2]安徽省地震局.中外典型震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.103,2~3,6,106,40,2.
[3]王子平,陈非比,王绍玉.地震社会学初探[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.40.
[4]郭增建,陈鑫连.城市地震对策[M].北京:地震出版社,1991.27,276.
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