汶川M_s8.0级地震InSAR同震形变场观测与研究
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摘要
利用InSAR技术,采用地震前后日本ALOS/PALSAR数据,提取了2008年5月12日四川汶川地震7个条带的地表同震形变场.每个形变条带南北向500 km,东西向70 km,7个形变场覆盖了映秀镇、都江堰、茂县、北川、平武和青川.结果显示,此次地震地表破裂带在北川—映秀断裂带上.地表破裂带从汶川县映秀镇西南震中附近一直到青川县苏河北侧,全长约为230 km.发震断层西北盘为抬升盘,南东盘断层附近,仍然表现为隆起区,显示出以逆冲为主的断层性质.在汶川县映秀镇西侧震中区,最大相对卫星视线向形变量达260 cm,如果全部换算成垂直形变,则两个区域的垂直相对形变达3.3 m.从北川至平通一带,卫星视线向形变范围在120-180 cm的隆起带.其中,擂鼓镇隆起形变范围170-180 cm,换算成垂直形变约在2.2-2.3 m之间.在青川苏河北附近,有70-80 cm范围的隆起形变.在雅安、峨眉山一带,以及射洪至重庆北侧一带有大范围沉降区.在重庆及其南侧区域有幅度在20-30 cm小范围隆起.由青川向东至广元、宁强一带,有形变幅度在60-70 cm的隆起区.整个形变场影响范围较大,四川盆地出现了不同程度的地表形变.
We use the InSAR technology to process and analyze the ALOS/PALSAR satellite data of Japan before and after the Wenchuan, Sichuan M_S 8 earthquake of 12 May 2008. The result shows seven belts of coseismic surface deformation that cover Yingxiu, Dujiangyan, Wenchuan, Maoxian, Beichuan, Pingwu and Qingchuan, each belt is 500 km in north-south and 70 km in east-west. The investigation indicates that the surface rupture zone caused by the earthquake coincides with the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault, extending from nearby the epicenter southwest of the Yingxiu town, Wenchuan county to north of the Suhe, Qingchuan county for about 230 km. The northwest wall of the seismogenic fault has uplifted, and its southeast wall has also risen nearby the fault, exhibiting a dominant thrust motion. The maximum relative displacement in LOS (Looking of satellite) direction at the epicenter reaches 260 cm, and the overall vertical displacement between the two fault walls is up to 330 cm. A swell of 120-180 cm displacements in LOS direction is present from Beichuan to Pingtong, where the displacements at the Leigu town are 170-180 cm equivalent to vertical displacements 220-230 cm. Another uplifted belt of displacements 70-80 cm occurs nearby north of Suhe, Qingchuan. Around Ya'an and Emeishan Mount, and from Shehong to north of Chongqing, there is a large area of subsidence. In Chongqing and its south is seen a small uplifted area of 20-30 cm. From Qingchuan, eastward to Guangyuan and Ningqiang, uplift amplitudes are 60-70 cm. The whole area of the deformation field is fairly large, even in the Sichuan basin occurs surface deformation of different degrees.
We use the InSAR technology to process and analyze the ALOS/PALSAR satellite data of Japan before and after the Wenchuan, Sichuan M_S 8 earthquake of 12 May 2008. The result shows seven belts of coseismic surface deformation that cover Yingxiu, Dujiangyan, Wenchuan, Maoxian, Beichuan, Pingwu and Qingchuan, each belt is 500 km in north-south and 70 km in east-west. The investigation indicates that the surface rupture zone caused by the earthquake coincides with the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault, extending from nearby the epicenter southwest of the Yingxiu town, Wenchuan county to north of the Suhe, Qingchuan county for about 230 km. The northwest wall of the seismogenic fault has uplifted, and its southeast wall has also risen nearby the fault, exhibiting a dominant thrust motion. The maximum relative displacement in LOS (Looking of satellite) direction at the epicenter reaches 260 cm, and the overall vertical displacement between the two fault walls is up to 330 cm. A swell of 120-180 cm displacements in LOS direction is present from Beichuan to Pingtong, where the displacements at the Leigu town are 170-180 cm equivalent to vertical displacements 220-230 cm. Another uplifted belt of displacements 70-80 cm occurs nearby north of Suhe, Qingchuan. Around Ya'an and Emeishan Mount, and from Shehong to north of Chongqing, there is a large area of subsidence. In Chongqing and its south is seen a small uplifted area of 20-30 cm. From Qingchuan, eastward to Guangyuan and Ningqiang, uplift amplitudes are 60-70 cm. The whole area of the deformation field is fairly large, even in the Sichuan basin occurs surface deformation of different degrees.
引文
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[10] Shan X J, Zhang G H. A characteristic analysis of dynamic evolution of preseismic-coseismic-postseismic inerferometric deformation fields associated with the M7． 9 earthquake of Mani, Tibet in 1997． Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 2007, 81(4) :587-592
[11] 王超,刘智,张红等.张北一尚义地震同震形变场雷达差分干涉测量.科学通报,2000,45(23) :2550-2554 Wang C. Liu Z, Zhang H, et al. Extraction co-seismic deformation of Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake with D-InSAR. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 2000,45(23) . 2550-2554
[12] Lu Z, Wicks C, Dzurisin D, et al. A seismic inflation of Westdahl volcano. Alaska, revealed by satellite radar interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000,27:1567-1570
[13] Rosalind L, Helz. Monitoring ground deformation from space. U. S. Department of the Interior. U. S. Geological Survey. From http://volcanoes, usgs. gov/ insar/fact_sheet_ figures, html. Last Modified:3 Oct. 2006
[14] Charles W J, Thatcher W, Dzurisin D. Migration of fluids beneath Yellowstone Caldera inferred from satellite radar interferometry. Science, 1998, 282:458-462
[15] 徐锡伟,张培震,闻学泽等.川西及其邻区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型.地震地质,2005,27(3) :446-461 Xu X W. Zhang P Z, Wen X Z, el al. Features of active tectonics and recurrence behaviors of strong earthquakes in the western Sichuan province and its adjacent regions. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2005,27(3) :446-461
[16] 李传友,宋方敏,冉勇康.龙门山断裂带北段晚第四纪活动性讨论.地震地质,2004,26(2) :248-257 Li C Y, Song F M, Ran Y K. Late Quaternary activity and age constraint of the northern Longmenshan fault zone. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2004,26(2) :248-257
[17] Gan W, Zhang P, Shen Z K, et al. Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements. J. Geophys. Res. , 2007, 112, B08416, doi: 10． 1029/2005JB004120
[18] 唐文清,刘宇平,陈智梁等.基于GPS技术的活动断层监测.山地学报,2007,25(1) :103-107 Tang W Q. Liu Y P, Chen Z L, et al. Active fault monitoring based on GPS technology. Journal of Mountain Science (in Chinese), 2007,25(1) :103-107
[19] 张勇,冯万鹏,许力生等.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学(D辑),2008,38(10) :1186-1194 Zhang Y,Feng W P, Xu L S, et al. Tempo-spatial rupture process of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Science in China (Series D) ,2008,38(10) : 1186-1194 Zhang Y,Feng W P, Xu L S, et al. Tempo-spatial rupture process of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Science in China (Series D) ,2008,38(10) : 1186-1194
[20] Ge L L, Zhang K, Ng A, et al. Preliminary results of satellite radar differential interferometry for the co-seismic deformation of the 12 May 2008 M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake. Geographic Information Sciences, 2008, 14(1) :12-19
[21] 孙建宝,梁芳,沈正康等.汶川M_s8． 0地震InSAR形变观 测及初步分析.地震地质,2008,30(3) :789-793 Sun J B, Liang F, Shen Z K. InSAR Deformation observation and preliminary analysis of the M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2008,30(3) :789-793
[22] 何宏林,孙昭民,王世元等.汶川M_s8． 0地震地表破裂带.地震地质,2008,30(2) :359-362 He H L, Sun Z M, Wang S Y, et al. Rapture of the M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2008,30(2) :359-362
[23] 锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.汶川M_s8． 0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2008,30(3) :597-629 Xu X W, Wen X Z, Ye J Q, et al. The M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake surface rapture and its seismogenic structure. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2008,30(3) :597-629
[24] 王萍,付碧宏,张斌等.汶川8． 0级地震地表破裂带与岩性关系.地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :131-139 Wang P, Fu B H, Zhang B, et al. The M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake surface rapture and its relation to lithology. Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 52(1) :131-139
[2] 邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学.地震地质,1994,16(4) :389-403 Deng Q D, Chen S F, Zhao X L. Tectonics, seismisity and dynamics of Longmenshan mountains and its adjacent regions. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 1994, 16(4) :389-403
[3] 张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽等.2008年汶川8． 0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报,2008,51(4) :1066-1073 Zhang P Z, Xu X W, Wen X Z, et al. Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone, and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, Sichuan, China. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008,51(4) :1066-1073
[4] 张培震.中国大陆岩石圈最新构造变动与地震灾害.第四纪研究,1999,5:404-413 Zhang P Z. Late quaternary tectonic deformation and earthquake hazard in continental China. Quaternary Sciences (in Chinese), 1999,5:404-413
[5] 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.青藏高原东缘大陆动力学过程与地质响应.北京:地质出版社,2006 Li Y, Zhou R J, Densmore A L, et al. The Geology of the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (in Chinese). Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2006
[6] Massonnet D, Rossi M, Carmona C, et al. The displacement field of the Landers earthquake mapped by radar interferometry. Nature, 1993, 364:138-142
[7] Peltzer G, Crampe F, King G. Evidence of nonlinear elasticity of the crust from the M_w7． 6 Mani (Tibet) earthquake. Science, 1999, 286:272-276
[8] 单新建,叶洪.INSAR技术在地震学中的应用.地震学报,1998,20(6) :647-655 Shan X J, Ye H. Application of InSAR technology in seismology. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 1998,20 (6) :647-655
[9] 单新建,马瑾,王长林等.利用星载D InSAR技术获取的地表形变场提取玛尼地震震源断层参数.中国科学(D辑),2002,32(11) :837-844 Shan X J, Ma J, Wang C L, et al. Co-seismic ground deformation and source Parameters of Mani M7． 9 earthquake inferred from Spaceborne D-InSAR observation data. Science in China (Series D),2004,47(6) :481-488
[10] Shan X J, Zhang G H. A characteristic analysis of dynamic evolution of preseismic-coseismic-postseismic inerferometric deformation fields associated with the M7． 9 earthquake of Mani, Tibet in 1997． Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 2007, 81(4) :587-592
[11] 王超,刘智,张红等.张北一尚义地震同震形变场雷达差分干涉测量.科学通报,2000,45(23) :2550-2554 Wang C. Liu Z, Zhang H, et al. Extraction co-seismic deformation of Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake with D-InSAR. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 2000,45(23) . 2550-2554
[12] Lu Z, Wicks C, Dzurisin D, et al. A seismic inflation of Westdahl volcano. Alaska, revealed by satellite radar interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000,27:1567-1570
[13] Rosalind L, Helz. Monitoring ground deformation from space. U. S. Department of the Interior. U. S. Geological Survey. From http://volcanoes, usgs. gov/ insar/fact_sheet_ figures, html. Last Modified:3 Oct. 2006
[14] Charles W J, Thatcher W, Dzurisin D. Migration of fluids beneath Yellowstone Caldera inferred from satellite radar interferometry. Science, 1998, 282:458-462
[15] 徐锡伟,张培震,闻学泽等.川西及其邻区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型.地震地质,2005,27(3) :446-461 Xu X W. Zhang P Z, Wen X Z, el al. Features of active tectonics and recurrence behaviors of strong earthquakes in the western Sichuan province and its adjacent regions. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2005,27(3) :446-461
[16] 李传友,宋方敏,冉勇康.龙门山断裂带北段晚第四纪活动性讨论.地震地质,2004,26(2) :248-257 Li C Y, Song F M, Ran Y K. Late Quaternary activity and age constraint of the northern Longmenshan fault zone. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2004,26(2) :248-257
[17] Gan W, Zhang P, Shen Z K, et al. Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements. J. Geophys. Res. , 2007, 112, B08416, doi: 10． 1029/2005JB004120
[18] 唐文清,刘宇平,陈智梁等.基于GPS技术的活动断层监测.山地学报,2007,25(1) :103-107 Tang W Q. Liu Y P, Chen Z L, et al. Active fault monitoring based on GPS technology. Journal of Mountain Science (in Chinese), 2007,25(1) :103-107
[19] 张勇,冯万鹏,许力生等.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学(D辑),2008,38(10) :1186-1194 Zhang Y,Feng W P, Xu L S, et al. Tempo-spatial rupture process of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Science in China (Series D) ,2008,38(10) : 1186-1194 Zhang Y,Feng W P, Xu L S, et al. Tempo-spatial rupture process of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Science in China (Series D) ,2008,38(10) : 1186-1194
[20] Ge L L, Zhang K, Ng A, et al. Preliminary results of satellite radar differential interferometry for the co-seismic deformation of the 12 May 2008 M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake. Geographic Information Sciences, 2008, 14(1) :12-19
[21] 孙建宝,梁芳,沈正康等.汶川M_s8． 0地震InSAR形变观 测及初步分析.地震地质,2008,30(3) :789-793 Sun J B, Liang F, Shen Z K. InSAR Deformation observation and preliminary analysis of the M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2008,30(3) :789-793
[22] 何宏林,孙昭民,王世元等.汶川M_s8． 0地震地表破裂带.地震地质,2008,30(2) :359-362 He H L, Sun Z M, Wang S Y, et al. Rapture of the M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2008,30(2) :359-362
[23] 锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.汶川M_s8． 0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2008,30(3) :597-629 Xu X W, Wen X Z, Ye J Q, et al. The M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake surface rapture and its seismogenic structure. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2008,30(3) :597-629
[24] 王萍,付碧宏,张斌等.汶川8． 0级地震地表破裂带与岩性关系.地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :131-139 Wang P, Fu B H, Zhang B, et al. The M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake surface rapture and its relation to lithology. Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 52(1) :131-139
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