基于GIS异常信息提取的地震灾害分析
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摘要
2008年5月12日的汶川地震造成了巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失。从地质异常的角度出发,采用基于GIS的地质异常定量分析的方法,以1∶50万数字地质图和四川汶川地震地质分析成果为基础,定量地分析了地震发育程度与断裂构造的相互关系,认为汶川地震主要受区域性深大断裂的控制,受局部性浅源断裂的影响较小。进一步对影响地震破坏程度的断裂的活动性进行了探讨,依据分析结果得出了受灾严重区域,并解释了灾区北部受灾较南部轻的原因。采用这种研究方法,可以迅速地确定地震灾害发生的严重地区,为今后地震发生后迅速确定受灾严重区域、指导抢险救灾工作提供帮助。
The Wenchuan earthquake caused tremendous losses of life and property.The relationship between earthquake intensity and fault structure is analyzed in view of geologic abnormal theory.Based on 1∶500000 digital geologic map and Wenchuan earthquake geologic research,this article engaged in geologic abnormal quantitative analysis with GIS technique.It pointed out that earthquake disaster area mainly controlled by regional deep faults.Then earthquake activity which is closely related to destructive power of earthquakes is discussed.The authors obtain hard-hit areas according to the results.Finally we explained why the damage in the northern region is lighter than that in south.Through this approach,the seriousness of the earthquake disaster areas can be determined quickly for future earthquake to guide the disaster relief work.
The Wenchuan earthquake caused tremendous losses of life and property.The relationship between earthquake intensity and fault structure is analyzed in view of geologic abnormal theory.Based on 1∶500000 digital geologic map and Wenchuan earthquake geologic research,this article engaged in geologic abnormal quantitative analysis with GIS technique.It pointed out that earthquake disaster area mainly controlled by regional deep faults.Then earthquake activity which is closely related to destructive power of earthquakes is discussed.The authors obtain hard-hit areas according to the results.Finally we explained why the damage in the northern region is lighter than that in south.Through this approach,the seriousness of the earthquake disaster areas can be determined quickly for future earthquake to guide the disaster relief work.
引文
[1]王涛,马寅生,龙长兴,等.四川汶川地震断裂活动和次生地质灾害浅析[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1913-1922.
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[6]邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,1994,16(4):389-403.
[7]Keefer D K.Landslides caused by earthquake[J].Bulletin of Geological Society of America,1984,(95):406-421.
[8]Chen S F,Wilson C J L,Deng Q D,et al.Active faulting and block movement associated with large earthquakes in the Minshan andLongmen mountains,northeastern Tibetan plateau[J].Journal of Geo-physical Research,1994,99:24025-24038.
[9]Xu Z Q,Ji S C,Li H B,et al.Uplift of the Longmen Shan range and the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Episodes(IUGS:International Union ofGeological Sciences),2008,31,(3):291-301.
[10]Chen Z,Burchfiel B C,Liu Y,et al.Global positioning system mea-surements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasiaintercontinental deformation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(7):16215-16227.
[11]Chen J P,Wang G W,Hou C B,et al.Quantitative prediction and evaluation of mineral resources based on GIS in northern segment ofThree River(Sanjiang)Region,southwest China[J].Mineral Deposits,2005,24(1):15-23.
[12]Keefer D K.Statistical Analysis of an Earthquake-induced Landslide Distribution the 1989 Loma Prieta,California Event[J].EngineeringGeology,2000,58:213-249.
[2]张春山,张业成,胡景江,等.中国地质灾害时空分布特征与形成条件[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(6):559-565.
[3]嵇少丞,许志琴,王茜,等.汶川大地震的地质概况[EB/OL].嵇少丞的博客:科学网,2008,http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=51597&do=blog&id=43683.
[4]Burchfiel B C,Zhang P Z,Wang Y P,et al.Geology of the Haiyuan fault zone,Ningxia-Hui autonomous region,China,and its relationto the evolution of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Tectonics,1991,10(6):1091-1110.
[5]贾秋鹏,贾东,朱艾斓,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山冲断带与四川盆地的现今构造表现:数字地形和地震活动证据[J].地质科学,2007,42(1):31-44.
[6]邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,1994,16(4):389-403.
[7]Keefer D K.Landslides caused by earthquake[J].Bulletin of Geological Society of America,1984,(95):406-421.
[8]Chen S F,Wilson C J L,Deng Q D,et al.Active faulting and block movement associated with large earthquakes in the Minshan andLongmen mountains,northeastern Tibetan plateau[J].Journal of Geo-physical Research,1994,99:24025-24038.
[9]Xu Z Q,Ji S C,Li H B,et al.Uplift of the Longmen Shan range and the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Episodes(IUGS:International Union ofGeological Sciences),2008,31,(3):291-301.
[10]Chen Z,Burchfiel B C,Liu Y,et al.Global positioning system mea-surements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasiaintercontinental deformation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(7):16215-16227.
[11]Chen J P,Wang G W,Hou C B,et al.Quantitative prediction and evaluation of mineral resources based on GIS in northern segment ofThree River(Sanjiang)Region,southwest China[J].Mineral Deposits,2005,24(1):15-23.
[12]Keefer D K.Statistical Analysis of an Earthquake-induced Landslide Distribution the 1989 Loma Prieta,California Event[J].EngineeringGeology,2000,58:213-249.
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