柴达木盆地东部地区不整合与油气成藏的关系
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摘要
本文论述了柴达木盆地东部地区不整合类型与控油特征、不整合结构与油气运聚特征以及不整合运聚油气的成藏模式。柴达木盆地东部地区经历了多次构造运动的改造,形成了多个不整合。根据不整合在油气运聚中的作用,以不整合的成因机制及地震反射特征为基础将柴达木盆地东部地区不整合划分为褶皱、断褶、削截、超覆和平行5种类型。风化剥蚀程度的不均一性使不整合具有典型的层状结构,即不整合面之上的岩石、风化粘土层和半风化岩石。不整合纵向分层结构构成油气运移的双重通道,同时为油气聚集提供良好的储集空间和圈闭条件。不整合发育部位及剖面形态的差异,导致不同类型的不整合形成不同的油气成藏模式。
This study discussed the relationship between unconformity type and oil trap,and unconformity structural type and oil-gas migration-accumulation,and the hydrocarbon-forming pattern of unconformity migration-accumulation in eastern Qaidam Basin.The Qaidam Basin has undergone multistage tectonic movements and formed several unconformities.The unconformities of the eastern Qaidam Basin can be divided into drape unconformity,fault-fold unconformity,truncation unconformity,onlap unconformity and parallel unconformity in terms of the function of unconformity migration-accumulation and their forming mechanisms as well as reflection characters in seismic sections.They are of typical stratiform structure due to uneven weathering and eroding processes,including overlying rocks above the unconformity interface,such as weathered clay and semi-weathered leached zone.Vertical stratiform structure of unconformities provides not only dual pathways for oil and gas migration,but also accommodation space for oil and gas accumulation.It was the position and diversity of unconformity developed that resulted in different models of oil and gas reservoir formation under various settings of unconformity.
This study discussed the relationship between unconformity type and oil trap,and unconformity structural type and oil-gas migration-accumulation,and the hydrocarbon-forming pattern of unconformity migration-accumulation in eastern Qaidam Basin.The Qaidam Basin has undergone multistage tectonic movements and formed several unconformities.The unconformities of the eastern Qaidam Basin can be divided into drape unconformity,fault-fold unconformity,truncation unconformity,onlap unconformity and parallel unconformity in terms of the function of unconformity migration-accumulation and their forming mechanisms as well as reflection characters in seismic sections.They are of typical stratiform structure due to uneven weathering and eroding processes,including overlying rocks above the unconformity interface,such as weathered clay and semi-weathered leached zone.Vertical stratiform structure of unconformities provides not only dual pathways for oil and gas migration,but also accommodation space for oil and gas accumulation.It was the position and diversity of unconformity developed that resulted in different models of oil and gas reservoir formation under various settings of unconformity.
引文
[1]曹春潮,胡泉,熊伯林.1998.柴东地区地震资料综合研究.石油物探局研究院地质研究中心.
艾华国,兰林英,张克银,等.1996.塔里木盆地前石炭系顶面不整合面特征及其控油作用.石油实验地质,18(1):1～12.
陈建平,查明.2002.准噶尔盆地环玛湖凹陷二叠系不整合特征及其在油气运移中的意义.石油勘探与开发,29(4):29～31.
刘华,吴智平,张立昌.2003.辽河盆地东部凹陷北部地区Es1+2/Es3不整合面与油气运聚的关系.石油大学学报(自然科学版),27(6):8～16.
牟中海,何琰,唐勇,等.2005.准噶尔盆地陆西地区不整合与油气成藏的关系.石油学报,26(3):16～20.
王建功,卫平生,杨建礼.2005.松辽盆地西南部青山口组三段底界不整合面与油气分布.地质论评,51(5):566～573.
汪立群,许凤银,庞雄奇,等.2005.马海-大红沟凸起油气勘探成果与柴达木盆地北缘的勘探方向.石油学报,26(3):21～25.
吴孔友,查明,洪梅.2003.准噶尔盆地不整合结构模式及半风化岩石的再成岩作用.大地构造与成矿学,27(3):270～276.
吴亚军,张守安,艾华国.1998.塔里木盆地不整合类型及其与油气藏的关系.新疆石油地质,19(2):101～105.
肖乾华,李美俊,彭苏萍,等.2003.辽河东部凹陷北部不整合类型及油气成藏规律.石油勘探与开发,30(2):43～45.
张克银,艾华国,吴亚军.1996.碳酸盐岩顶部不整合面结构层及其控油意义.石油勘探与开发,23(5):16～19.
Ai Huaguo,Lan Linying,Zhang Keyin,et al.1996.Thecharacteristics of the unconformity on the top ofprecarboniferous and its constraints on oil/gas behavionr inTari m Basin.Experi mental Petroleum Geology,18(1):1～12(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Jianping,Zha Ming.2002.Permian unconformity and itseffect on petroleum migration in the circum-Mahu depressionof Junggar Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,29(4):29～31(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Hua,Wu Zhiping,Zhang Lichang.2003.Relationship ofunconformity of Es1+2/Es3in northern region of EastDepression Liaohe basin with hydrocarbon migration andaccumulation.Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),27(6):8～16(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Mou Zhonghai,He Yan,Tang Yong,et al.2005.Relation ofunconformity with hydrocarbon accumulation in Luxi area ofJunggar Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,26(3):16～20(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Wang Jiangong,Wei Pingsheng,Yang Jianli.2005.Theunconformity belowthe Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation anddistribution of oil and gas in the southwestern Songliao Basin.Geological Review,51(5):566～573(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Wang Liqun,Xu Fengyin,Pang Xiongqi,et al.2005.Petential exploration targets of the northern margin of Qaidam Basinsuggested fromthe breakthrough of Mahai-Dahonggou Uplift.Acta Petrolei Sinica,26(3):21～25(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Wu Kongyou,Zha Ming,Hong Mei.2003.Structural models ofunconformity and recurrent diagenesis of semi-weathering rockin Junggar Basin.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,27(3):270～276(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Yajun,Zhang Shouan,Ai Huaguo.1998.The unconformitytypes and their relations with oil/gas reservoirsin Tari mBasin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,19(2):101～105(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Xiao Qianhua,Li Meijun,Peng Suping,et al.2003.Unconformitytypes and the relationship of unconformity and hydrocarbonaccumulation.PetroleumExploration and Development,30(2):43～45(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Keyin,Ai Huaguo,Wu Yajun.1996.Characteristics and oil-controlling significance of unconformity structurelayer ontop ofcarbonate rock.Petroleum Exploration and Development,23(5):16～19(in Chinese with English abstract).
艾华国,兰林英,张克银,等.1996.塔里木盆地前石炭系顶面不整合面特征及其控油作用.石油实验地质,18(1):1～12.
陈建平,查明.2002.准噶尔盆地环玛湖凹陷二叠系不整合特征及其在油气运移中的意义.石油勘探与开发,29(4):29～31.
刘华,吴智平,张立昌.2003.辽河盆地东部凹陷北部地区Es1+2/Es3不整合面与油气运聚的关系.石油大学学报(自然科学版),27(6):8～16.
牟中海,何琰,唐勇,等.2005.准噶尔盆地陆西地区不整合与油气成藏的关系.石油学报,26(3):16～20.
王建功,卫平生,杨建礼.2005.松辽盆地西南部青山口组三段底界不整合面与油气分布.地质论评,51(5):566～573.
汪立群,许凤银,庞雄奇,等.2005.马海-大红沟凸起油气勘探成果与柴达木盆地北缘的勘探方向.石油学报,26(3):21～25.
吴孔友,查明,洪梅.2003.准噶尔盆地不整合结构模式及半风化岩石的再成岩作用.大地构造与成矿学,27(3):270～276.
吴亚军,张守安,艾华国.1998.塔里木盆地不整合类型及其与油气藏的关系.新疆石油地质,19(2):101～105.
肖乾华,李美俊,彭苏萍,等.2003.辽河东部凹陷北部不整合类型及油气成藏规律.石油勘探与开发,30(2):43～45.
张克银,艾华国,吴亚军.1996.碳酸盐岩顶部不整合面结构层及其控油意义.石油勘探与开发,23(5):16～19.
Ai Huaguo,Lan Linying,Zhang Keyin,et al.1996.Thecharacteristics of the unconformity on the top ofprecarboniferous and its constraints on oil/gas behavionr inTari m Basin.Experi mental Petroleum Geology,18(1):1～12(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Jianping,Zha Ming.2002.Permian unconformity and itseffect on petroleum migration in the circum-Mahu depressionof Junggar Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,29(4):29～31(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Hua,Wu Zhiping,Zhang Lichang.2003.Relationship ofunconformity of Es1+2/Es3in northern region of EastDepression Liaohe basin with hydrocarbon migration andaccumulation.Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),27(6):8～16(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Mou Zhonghai,He Yan,Tang Yong,et al.2005.Relation ofunconformity with hydrocarbon accumulation in Luxi area ofJunggar Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,26(3):16～20(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Wang Jiangong,Wei Pingsheng,Yang Jianli.2005.Theunconformity belowthe Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation anddistribution of oil and gas in the southwestern Songliao Basin.Geological Review,51(5):566～573(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Wang Liqun,Xu Fengyin,Pang Xiongqi,et al.2005.Petential exploration targets of the northern margin of Qaidam Basinsuggested fromthe breakthrough of Mahai-Dahonggou Uplift.Acta Petrolei Sinica,26(3):21～25(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Wu Kongyou,Zha Ming,Hong Mei.2003.Structural models ofunconformity and recurrent diagenesis of semi-weathering rockin Junggar Basin.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,27(3):270～276(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Yajun,Zhang Shouan,Ai Huaguo.1998.The unconformitytypes and their relations with oil/gas reservoirsin Tari mBasin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,19(2):101～105(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Xiao Qianhua,Li Meijun,Peng Suping,et al.2003.Unconformitytypes and the relationship of unconformity and hydrocarbonaccumulation.PetroleumExploration and Development,30(2):43～45(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Keyin,Ai Huaguo,Wu Yajun.1996.Characteristics and oil-controlling significance of unconformity structurelayer ontop ofcarbonate rock.Petroleum Exploration and Development,23(5):16～19(in Chinese with English abstract).
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