水电站地下厂房洞室群地震反应显式有限元分析
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摘要
采用有限元空间离散模型,结合动力方程求解的显式差分方法、局部透射人工边界和接触力模型,建立了水电站山体地形、不连续地质体及地下洞室体系地震反应分析的显式有限元方法。以溪洛渡水电站工程为背景,构建了地下洞室群有限元分析简化模型,并利用显式有限元方法,分析了山体地形和节理面、入射地震波特性和入射角以及洞室群位置等因素对洞室地震反应的影响。结果表明,入射地震波特性(SH、SV、P波及其频谱)和入射角、山体地形和节理面以及洞室群的位置等均对洞室反应有显著的影响,仅地震波入射角度变化或节理面存在的影响作用就超过了60%。同时看到,由于山体地形和不连续地质界面及地震波入射方向的影响作用,即使对于同一个地震,水电站左右两岸洞室受地震的影响程度可能有很大差别。
An explicit finite element method is proposed for the earthquake response analysis of underground caverns of hydropower stations,based on a finite element model,an explicit discrefization of dynamic equations,local transmitting boundary conditions and a dynamic contact model of cracks,with consideration of the effects of topography,discontinuous geological plane and underground cavems.A simplified analysis model was established and applied to the underground caverns of Xiluodu hydropower station under construction.The influence of topography and rock joint plane of mountain body,the properties(SH,SV,P wave and frequency spectra) and incident angle of earthquake waves as well as the positions of cavems on the earthquake response of caverns,were calculated and analyzed by the proposed method.The results suggest that the effects of topography,rock joint plane,wave properties and wave incident angle are significant.Only one factor of wave incident angle or rock joint plane can produce over 60% of the total effect.It is found that the response of caverns on the left bank and right bank could be quite different even in the same earthquake event,if the effects of topography,discontinuous plane of wave incident angle are different.
An explicit finite element method is proposed for the earthquake response analysis of underground caverns of hydropower stations,based on a finite element model,an explicit discrefization of dynamic equations,local transmitting boundary conditions and a dynamic contact model of cracks,with consideration of the effects of topography,discontinuous geological plane and underground cavems.A simplified analysis model was established and applied to the underground caverns of Xiluodu hydropower station under construction.The influence of topography and rock joint plane of mountain body,the properties(SH,SV,P wave and frequency spectra) and incident angle of earthquake waves as well as the positions of cavems on the earthquake response of caverns,were calculated and analyzed by the proposed method.The results suggest that the effects of topography,rock joint plane,wave properties and wave incident angle are significant.Only one factor of wave incident angle or rock joint plane can produce over 60% of the total effect.It is found that the response of caverns on the left bank and right bank could be quite different even in the same earthquake event,if the effects of topography,discontinuous plane of wave incident angle are different.
引文
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[2]Asakura T,Sato Y.Mountain tunnels damage in the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake[J].Quarterly Report of the Railway TechnicalResearch Institute(RTRI),1998,39(1):9~16.
[3]WANG W L,et al.Assessment of damage in mountain tunnels due to the Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake[J].Tunnelling and UndergroundSpace Technology,2001,16(3):133~150.
[4]JING L R,Hudson J A.Numerical methods in rock mechanics[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2002,39(4):409~427.
[5]陈健云,胡志强,林皋.超大型地下洞室群的三维地震响应分析[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):494~498.CHEN Jianyun,HU Zhiqiang,LIN Gao.3-D Seismic response study on large scale underground group caverns[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2001,23(4):494~498.(in Chinese)
[6]张丽华,陶连金.节理岩体地下洞室群的地震动力响应分析[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(2):158~162.ZHANG Lihua,TAO Lianjin,LI Xiaolin.Dynamic response analysis of large underground excavations in jionted rock[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,2002,18(2):158~162.(in Chinese)
[7]李海波,朱莅,吕涛,等.考虑地震动空间非一致性的岩体地下洞室群地震反应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1757~1766.LI Haibo,ZHU Li,LU Tao,et al.Dynamic response analysis of large underground excavations in jionted rock[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1757~1766.(in Chinese)
[8]李小军,廖振鹏,杜修力.有阻尼体系动力问题的一种显式差分解法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1992,12(4):74~80.LI Xiaojun,LIAO Zhenpeng,DU Xiuli.An explicit finite difference method for viscoelastic dynamic problem[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,1992,12(4):74~80.(in Chinese)
[9]LIAO Z P,WONG H L.A transmitting boundary for the numerical simulation of elastic wave propagation[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,1984,3(4):174~183.
[10]LI Xiaojun,LIAO Zhenpeng,GUAN Huimin.An explicit finite element-finite difference method for analyzing the effect of visco-elastic localtopography on hte earthquake motion[J].ACTA Seismologica Sinica,1995,8(3):447~456.
[11]Liu J B,Sharan S K.Anslysis of dynamic contact of cracks in viscoelastic method[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics andEngineering,1995,121(1-4):187~200.
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