台湾海峡隧道地质与地震条件分析
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摘要
“台湾海峡隧道”这一伟大工程 ,由构想到正式调研 ,历经许多过程 ,存在许多疑难。台湾海峡的海底地质情况较复杂 ,且是一个多地震地区 ,在当前技术条件下 ,到底能不能修海底隧道 ,引起两岸许多学者的关注。根据当前已经获得的各种科技成果 ,在海峡北部的台湾桃园县沿海地区 ,分布着厚度较大、岩层水平、并已固结的第四纪砂页岩 ,形成良好的承力层和隔水层。海峡西端的福建平潭岛是大片的花岗岩分布区 ,场地开阔 ,是理想的隧道终端。因此 ,可以初步认为 ,从平潭到新竹一线 ,地质及地震条件较为稳定单一 ,可以考虑作为首选海底隧道线路。
The Taiwan Strait Tunnel (T.S.T), as a great project, has been proposed for a long time and met many challenges from the beginning of the feasibility study that has attracted attentions among scientists in both sides of the Taiwan Strait. The key question is whether this undersea tunnel could be constructed with present technologies under such complex geologic and seismologic conditions. Results of current research indicate that sea floor in the north of the Strait along coast of Taoyuan county of Taiwan is covered by the late Tertiary to Quaternary sandy shale and shale with a thickness of more than 300m without large fault-belt, which could serve as a good bearing and impermeable layer. Along the coast of Pingtan Island, Fujian in the west of the Strait, there is an area with vast distribution of granite, which is ideal for the construction of the tunnel terminal. We therefore suggest that the shortest line with a distance of 126km from Pingtan Islan, Fujian to Hsinchu, Taiwan should be considered as the undersea tunnel line for its simple and stable geological condition.
The Taiwan Strait Tunnel (T.S.T), as a great project, has been proposed for a long time and met many challenges from the beginning of the feasibility study that has attracted attentions among scientists in both sides of the Taiwan Strait. The key question is whether this undersea tunnel could be constructed with present technologies under such complex geologic and seismologic conditions. Results of current research indicate that sea floor in the north of the Strait along coast of Taoyuan county of Taiwan is covered by the late Tertiary to Quaternary sandy shale and shale with a thickness of more than 300m without large fault-belt, which could serve as a good bearing and impermeable layer. Along the coast of Pingtan Island, Fujian in the west of the Strait, there is an area with vast distribution of granite, which is ideal for the construction of the tunnel terminal. We therefore suggest that the shortest line with a distance of 126km from Pingtan Islan, Fujian to Hsinchu, Taiwan should be considered as the undersea tunnel line for its simple and stable geological condition.
引文
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[9] 王志明 .台湾桃园—苗栗近海区海底地质构造及含油气性 .转引“海洋地质调查”东海地质译文汇编 (三 ) ,地质部海洋地质调查局 ,1980 .[WangZhiming .PetroleumGeologyofTaiwan .196 7,5 :81 98.]
[10 ] 俞何兴 ,陈汝勤 .台湾海峡之沉积盆地 .编译馆主编 ,台湾 :渤海堂文化公司印行 ,1996 .[YuHexing ,ChenRuqin .SedimentaryBasinsoftheTaiwanStrait.CulturePublishingCo .ofBohaiTangHouse ,Taiwan ,1996 .]
[11] 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 ,福建海洋研究所 ,台湾海峡课题组 .台湾海峡西部石油地质地球物理调查研究报告 .北京 :海洋出版社 ,1989.[ResearchGroupontheTaiwanStrait,OceanicInstituteoftheSouthChinaSea.AcademyofChi naandOceanicInstituteofFujian .ReportoftheGeophysicalandPetro geologicInvestigationoftheWestTaiwanStrait.Bejing :OceanicPress ,1989.]
[12 ] BonillaMG .AnoteonhistoricandQuaternaryfaultsinwesternTaiwan .Open FileReport 99 44 7Version 1.0 .U .S .Dept .oftheInteriorUSGS ,1999.
[13] NationalEarthquakeInformationCenter (NEIC) ,USGS .EarthquakeBulletin :Taiwanandasupplement.1999.
[14] 刘光夏 ,赵文俊 ,吴岫云 ,等 .台湾地区地壳厚度的研究———三维重力反演的初步结果 .科学通报 ,1990 ,35 (2 4) :1892 1895 .[LiuGuangxia,etal.ResearchonthecrustalthicknessofTaiwanregion———Preliminaryresultofthethree di mensionalinversionofgravity .SciencesBulletin ,35 (2 4) :1892 1895 .]
[15 ] 蒋家桢 .台湾海峡及其邻区岩石圈层下地幔流应力场 .东海海洋 ,1992 ,2 :35 42 .[JiangJiazhen .ThestressfieldofmantleconvectioncurrentsunderlithosphereintheTaiwanStraitanditsadjacentregion .DonghaiMarineScience ,1992 ,2 :35 42 .]
[16 ] 蒋家祯 ,李全兴 ,徐德琼 .东海及琉球岛弧地区岩石圈层下地幔流应力场 .东海海洋 ,1983 ,1:11 18.[JiangJiazhen ,LiQuanxing ,XuDeqiong .TheStressfieldofmantleconvectioncurrentsunderlithosphereintheregionoftheEastChinaSeaandRyukyuArc .DonghaiMarineScience,1983 ,1:11 18.]
[17] 卓秀榕 ,桂继光 ,林树 ,等 .台湾海峡地震活动规律及断裂构造的地震学迹象 .见 :彭阜南 ,陈运泰主编 .台湾海峡及其两岸地质地震研讨会论文集 .北京 :海洋出版社 ,1991.[ZhuoXiurong ,GuiJiguang ,LinShu ,etal.PatternofseismicactivityintheTaiwanStraitanditsseismologicalevidenceoffaulttectonics .In :PengFunanetal,eds .Proceedingsofsym posiumongeology&seismologyoftheTaiwanStraitanditscoasts .Bejing :OceanicPress,1991.]
[18] 彭阜南 .唐山地震见闻记 .台湾中兴工程科技研究发展基金会出版 ,2 0 0 0 .[PengFunan .Whatwehadseenandheardfrom 1976Tangshanearthquake ,EasternChina .Taiwan :SinotechFoundationforResearch&DevelopmentofEngineer ingSciences&Technologies,2 0 0 0 .]
[19] 郑天愉 ,刘鹏程 .1994年 9月 16日台湾海峡地震及其构造背景研究 .地球物理学报 ,1996 ,39(1) :6 6 79.[ZhengTianyu ,LiuPengcheng .Studyofthe 16September 1994TaiwanStraitearthquakeanditstectonicsetting .ChineseJour nalofGeophysics ,1996 ,39(1) :6 6 79.]
[2 0 ] 廖其林 ,王屏路 ,吴宁远 ,刘宝诚 ,等 .福州—泉州—汕头地区地壳结构的爆炸地震研究 .地球物理学报 ,1988,31(3) :2 70 2 80 .[LiaoQilin ,WangPinglu ,WuNingyuan ,LiuBaocheng ,etal.ExplosionseismicstudyofthecrustalstructureinFuzhou Quanzhou Shantouregion .ChineseJournalofGeophysics,1988,31(3) :2 70 2 80 .]
[2 1] 廖其林 ,王振明 ,丘韬兴 ,等 .福建省地壳和上地幔的初步研究 .见 :彭阜南 ,等编 .台湾海峡及其两岸地质地震研讨会论文集 .北京 :海洋出版社 ,1991.[LiaoQilin ,WangZhenming ,QiuTaoxing .PreeliminarystudyofthecrustanduppermantleinFujian .In :PengFunan ,etaleds .ProceedingsofSymposiumonGeology&SeismologyoftheTaiwanStraitandItsCoasts.Beijing :OceanicPress,1991.]
[2 2 ] 王洪涛 ,范光禄 ,郭振琪 ,周仲豪 .板块碰撞与台湾海峡两岸“热 -震”能态结构的研究 .《台湾海峡及其两岸地质地震论文集》 ,海洋出版社 ,1991.[WangHongtao ,FanGuanglu ,GuoZhenqi,ZhouZhonghao .Thestructureofthermal shocksenergyregimeandplatecollisioninsurroundingTaiwanStrait.In :PengFunan ,etaleds.Proceedingsofsympo siumongeology&seismologyoftheTaiwanStraitanditscoasts .Bejing :OceanicPress,1991.]
[2 ] 彭阜南 .台湾海峡及两岸地质工作的回顾与展望 .见 :彭阜南 ,等编 .台湾海峡及其两岸地质地震研讨会论文集 .北京 :海洋出版社 ,1991.[PengFunan .LookingbackandforwardtothegeologicalworksofthecoastsoftheTaiwanStrait.In :PengFunanetal,eds .Proceedingsofsymposiumongeology&seismologyoftheTaiwanStraitanditscoasts .Bejing :OceanicPress ,1991.]
[3] 陈琴 .序言 .见 :彭阜南 ,等编 .台湾海峡及其两岸地质地震研讨会论文集 .北京 :海洋出版社 ,1991.[ChenQin .Intro duction .Proceedingsofsymposiumongeology&seismologyoftheTaiwanStraitanditscoasts.In :PengFunanetaleds.Bejing :OceanicPress ,1991.]
[4 ] 清华大学 2 1世纪发展研究院 .“台湾海峡隧道论证学术研讨会”论文集及所附新闻报道汇编 .北京 :清华大学出版社 ,2 0 0 0 .
[2 1stCenturyDevelopmentInstitute ,TsinghuaUniversity .ProceedingsofacademicsymposiumonTaiwanStraitTunnelProject&ThecollectionofnewsabouttheT .S .T .Project.Bejing :TsinghuaUniversityPress,2 0 0 0 .]
[5 ] 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 .台湾海峡 1∶10 0万地形图 .北京 :国家海洋局印 ,1987.
[2ndInstituteofOceanography ,SOA .TopographicmapoftheTaiwanStrait,1∶1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .Bejing :PublishedbyStateOceanicAdministration (SOA) ,1987.]
[6 ] 水涛 ,徐步台 ,梁如华 ,邱郁双 .中国浙闽变质基底地质 .北京 :科学出版社 ,1988.[ShuiTao ,XuButai,LiangRuhua,QiuYushuang .GeologyofthemetamorphicbasementofZhejiang&Fujianprovinces.Bejing :ScientificPress ,1988.]
[7] BiqChingchang .TAIWAN .EncyclopediaofEuropeanandAsianRegionalGeologyeditedbyEldridgeM .Moores&RhodesW .FairbridgeandPublishedbyChapman&Hall,London .1997,711 717.
[8] 张锡龄 .台湾西北部中新统的区域地层及含油气性 .见 :“海洋地质调查”东海地质译文汇编 (三 ) ,地质部海洋地质调查局 ,1980 .[ChangXiling .TheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistsBulletin .1971,5 5 (10 ) :1838 186 5 .]
[9] 王志明 .台湾桃园—苗栗近海区海底地质构造及含油气性 .转引“海洋地质调查”东海地质译文汇编 (三 ) ,地质部海洋地质调查局 ,1980 .[WangZhiming .PetroleumGeologyofTaiwan .196 7,5 :81 98.]
[10 ] 俞何兴 ,陈汝勤 .台湾海峡之沉积盆地 .编译馆主编 ,台湾 :渤海堂文化公司印行 ,1996 .[YuHexing ,ChenRuqin .SedimentaryBasinsoftheTaiwanStrait.CulturePublishingCo .ofBohaiTangHouse ,Taiwan ,1996 .]
[11] 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 ,福建海洋研究所 ,台湾海峡课题组 .台湾海峡西部石油地质地球物理调查研究报告 .北京 :海洋出版社 ,1989.[ResearchGroupontheTaiwanStrait,OceanicInstituteoftheSouthChinaSea.AcademyofChi naandOceanicInstituteofFujian .ReportoftheGeophysicalandPetro geologicInvestigationoftheWestTaiwanStrait.Bejing :OceanicPress ,1989.]
[12 ] BonillaMG .AnoteonhistoricandQuaternaryfaultsinwesternTaiwan .Open FileReport 99 44 7Version 1.0 .U .S .Dept .oftheInteriorUSGS ,1999.
[13] NationalEarthquakeInformationCenter (NEIC) ,USGS .EarthquakeBulletin :Taiwanandasupplement.1999.
[14] 刘光夏 ,赵文俊 ,吴岫云 ,等 .台湾地区地壳厚度的研究———三维重力反演的初步结果 .科学通报 ,1990 ,35 (2 4) :1892 1895 .[LiuGuangxia,etal.ResearchonthecrustalthicknessofTaiwanregion———Preliminaryresultofthethree di mensionalinversionofgravity .SciencesBulletin ,35 (2 4) :1892 1895 .]
[15 ] 蒋家桢 .台湾海峡及其邻区岩石圈层下地幔流应力场 .东海海洋 ,1992 ,2 :35 42 .[JiangJiazhen .ThestressfieldofmantleconvectioncurrentsunderlithosphereintheTaiwanStraitanditsadjacentregion .DonghaiMarineScience ,1992 ,2 :35 42 .]
[16 ] 蒋家祯 ,李全兴 ,徐德琼 .东海及琉球岛弧地区岩石圈层下地幔流应力场 .东海海洋 ,1983 ,1:11 18.[JiangJiazhen ,LiQuanxing ,XuDeqiong .TheStressfieldofmantleconvectioncurrentsunderlithosphereintheregionoftheEastChinaSeaandRyukyuArc .DonghaiMarineScience,1983 ,1:11 18.]
[17] 卓秀榕 ,桂继光 ,林树 ,等 .台湾海峡地震活动规律及断裂构造的地震学迹象 .见 :彭阜南 ,陈运泰主编 .台湾海峡及其两岸地质地震研讨会论文集 .北京 :海洋出版社 ,1991.[ZhuoXiurong ,GuiJiguang ,LinShu ,etal.PatternofseismicactivityintheTaiwanStraitanditsseismologicalevidenceoffaulttectonics .In :PengFunanetal,eds .Proceedingsofsym posiumongeology&seismologyoftheTaiwanStraitanditscoasts .Bejing :OceanicPress,1991.]
[18] 彭阜南 .唐山地震见闻记 .台湾中兴工程科技研究发展基金会出版 ,2 0 0 0 .[PengFunan .Whatwehadseenandheardfrom 1976Tangshanearthquake ,EasternChina .Taiwan :SinotechFoundationforResearch&DevelopmentofEngineer ingSciences&Technologies,2 0 0 0 .]
[19] 郑天愉 ,刘鹏程 .1994年 9月 16日台湾海峡地震及其构造背景研究 .地球物理学报 ,1996 ,39(1) :6 6 79.[ZhengTianyu ,LiuPengcheng .Studyofthe 16September 1994TaiwanStraitearthquakeanditstectonicsetting .ChineseJour nalofGeophysics ,1996 ,39(1) :6 6 79.]
[2 0 ] 廖其林 ,王屏路 ,吴宁远 ,刘宝诚 ,等 .福州—泉州—汕头地区地壳结构的爆炸地震研究 .地球物理学报 ,1988,31(3) :2 70 2 80 .[LiaoQilin ,WangPinglu ,WuNingyuan ,LiuBaocheng ,etal.ExplosionseismicstudyofthecrustalstructureinFuzhou Quanzhou Shantouregion .ChineseJournalofGeophysics,1988,31(3) :2 70 2 80 .]
[2 1] 廖其林 ,王振明 ,丘韬兴 ,等 .福建省地壳和上地幔的初步研究 .见 :彭阜南 ,等编 .台湾海峡及其两岸地质地震研讨会论文集 .北京 :海洋出版社 ,1991.[LiaoQilin ,WangZhenming ,QiuTaoxing .PreeliminarystudyofthecrustanduppermantleinFujian .In :PengFunan ,etaleds .ProceedingsofSymposiumonGeology&SeismologyoftheTaiwanStraitandItsCoasts.Beijing :OceanicPress,1991.]
[2 2 ] 王洪涛 ,范光禄 ,郭振琪 ,周仲豪 .板块碰撞与台湾海峡两岸“热 -震”能态结构的研究 .《台湾海峡及其两岸地质地震论文集》 ,海洋出版社 ,1991.[WangHongtao ,FanGuanglu ,GuoZhenqi,ZhouZhonghao .Thestructureofthermal shocksenergyregimeandplatecollisioninsurroundingTaiwanStrait.In :PengFunan ,etaleds.Proceedingsofsympo siumongeology&seismologyoftheTaiwanStraitanditscoasts .Bejing :OceanicPress,1991.]
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