准噶尔盆地乌夏断裂带构造演化及油气聚集
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摘要
针对乌夏断裂带构造变形十分复杂,油气地质条件多变,油气成藏条件极不均衡,勘探程度尚低的状况,应用断层生长指数分析法和深层地震相分析法,对该地区进行了构造层和构造单元划分及变形特征、火山岩和油气生储盖组合分析。结果表明:乌夏断裂带具有多期叠瓦冲断和分段性构造特征,从石炭纪末洋壳俯冲结束、弧陆强烈碰撞造山活动后,经历了前陆盆地短期伸展火山活动、前陆盆地前展逆冲-断展褶皱、陆内坳陷后展逆冲-断展褶皱、陆内坳陷压张转换和整体抬升剥蚀4个演化阶段,各阶段有着不同的沉积特征,发育不同的沉积旋回。构造演化不仅控制着烃源岩的分布和油气生成,形成了多套断裂体系和地层不整合面,同时也控制着油气成藏期次和运聚过程。受构造演化的多旋回性及储盖组合的联合控制,乌夏断裂带共有4期油气充注过程,油气沿玛湖凹陷呈环带状分布。
Aimed at complexed structural deformation,varied geologic conditions,disproportion petroleum accumulation conditions and low exploration degree,division of structural layers and structural units,deformation feature,volcanic events and oil-gas assemblage of Wuxia fault belt were analyzed by the analysis methods of growth index of reverse faults and seismic facies.The results show that Wuxia fault belt is characterized by multiphase imbricate-thrust and structural segmentation.After diving of oceanic crust,intense collision and orogenic process in late Carboniferous period,the belt experienced four evolution stages: momentary extend volcaniticy in weakly compressing foreland basin,revived advance fault-fold forland basin,regressive fault-fold inland depression basin,transformational compression-extension inland depression basin and denudation after unlift.The depositonal features of the belt and the dipositional cycles developed in each stage are different.Structural evolution not only controlled distribution of source rock and hydrocarbon generation,but also produced many sets of fault systems and unconformity surfaces to control pool-forming migration stages and accumulation.Controlled by the polycycle property of structural evolution and assemblage,Wuxia belt experienced four pool-forming periods,and the oil and gas circulated around Mahu depression.
Aimed at complexed structural deformation,varied geologic conditions,disproportion petroleum accumulation conditions and low exploration degree,division of structural layers and structural units,deformation feature,volcanic events and oil-gas assemblage of Wuxia fault belt were analyzed by the analysis methods of growth index of reverse faults and seismic facies.The results show that Wuxia fault belt is characterized by multiphase imbricate-thrust and structural segmentation.After diving of oceanic crust,intense collision and orogenic process in late Carboniferous period,the belt experienced four evolution stages: momentary extend volcaniticy in weakly compressing foreland basin,revived advance fault-fold forland basin,regressive fault-fold inland depression basin,transformational compression-extension inland depression basin and denudation after unlift.The depositonal features of the belt and the dipositional cycles developed in each stage are different.Structural evolution not only controlled distribution of source rock and hydrocarbon generation,but also produced many sets of fault systems and unconformity surfaces to control pool-forming migration stages and accumulation.Controlled by the polycycle property of structural evolution and assemblage,Wuxia belt experienced four pool-forming periods,and the oil and gas circulated around Mahu depression.
引文
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[2]雷振宇,鲁兵,蔚远江,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘构造演化与扇体形成和分布[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):86-91.LEI Zhen-yu,LU B ing,WEI Yuan-jiang,et al.Tecton icevolution and development and d istribution of fans onnorthwestern edge of Junggar Basin[J].O il and Gas Geol-ogy,2005,26(1):86-91.
[3]何登发,尹成,杜社宽,等.前陆冲断带构造分段特征-以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):95-98.HE Deng-fa,Y IN Cheng,DU She-kuan,et al.Characteris-tics of structural segmentation of foreland thrust belts—acase study of the fault belts in the northwestern margin ofJunggar Basin[J].Earth Sc ience Frontiers,2004,11(3):95-98.
[4]朱宝清,冯益民.新疆西准噶尔板块构造及演化[J].新疆地质,1994,12(2):95-104.ZHU Bao-q ing,FENG Y i-m in.P late tecton ics and evolu-tion in west Junggar of X injiang[J].X injiang Geology,1994,12(2):95-104.
[5]M ITRAS,MOUNTVS.Foreland basement-involved struc-tures[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82:48-52.
[6]COUZENS B A.The control of mechan ical stratigraphy onthe formation of triangle zones[J].Bulletin of Canad ianPetroleum Geology,1996,44(2):165-179.
[7]陈新,卢复华,舒良树,等.准噶尔盆地构造演化分析新进展[J].高校地质学报,2002,8(3):258-264.CHEN X in,LU Fu-hua,SHU Liang-shu,et al.Study ontecton ic evolution of Junggar Basin[J].Geoloeical Journalof China Un iversities,2002,8(3):258-264.
[8]陈业全,王伟锋.准噶尔盆地构造演化与油气成藏特征[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2004,28(3):5-7.CHEN Ye-quan,WANG W ei-feng.Structural evolution andpool-form ing in Junggar Basin[J].Journal of the Un iversi-ty of Petroleum,China(Ed ition of Natural Sc ience),2004,28(3):5-7.
[9]鲁兵,徐可强.准噶尔盆地断裂活动与油气运聚的关系[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(6):502-504.LU B ing,XU Ke-q iang.Relationship between faulting ac-tivities and hydrocarbon m igration/accumulation in JunggarBasin[J].X injiang Petroleum Geology,2003,24(6):502-504.
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