地震前异常的阶段性及其空间分布特征
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摘要
将岩石变形曲线到达强度点以前比拟为地震前异常的中长期阶段，强度点至失稳点之间定义为短临阶段。在中长期阶段异常是由驱动力的增强或区域应力场的调整引起，前者引起的应力扰动场与原来的方向一致，强烈扰动区与原来的应力集中区一致，后者引起的应力扰动场应力方向可以发生变化，应力扰动对平均应力影响较大，强烈扰动区位于断层错列部位。二者的强烈扰动场均与未来的震源区无必然联系。在短临阶段异常是由局部断层扩展或弱化引起，与之相伴的是平均应力扰动场的四象限分布和最大剪应力扰动场的八瓣式分布。
The complication of tectonics in CHina gives us an advantage to find some anomalies near orfar from the coming earthquake.They may be alert to the occurrence of a strong earthquake.However the problems are：1）before some strong earthquakes there were no anomalies，2）insome cases no earthquake occurred after the anomalies，and 3）in some cases the place with obvi-ous anomalies did not correspond to the epicenter．Therefore，studying the stages of anomaliesand analysing the cause and spatial distribution may help us to elucidate the problems.The deformation process in a region may be divided into 4 stages：stage Ⅰ is before the yieldpoint，and stage Ⅱ is between the yield point and peak strength point．Stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ may berelated to the long－term to medium－term stages before earthquake。Stage Ⅲ is between strengthpoint and instable point and stage Ⅳ is after instable point．Stage Ⅲ may be related to the short-term to imminent stages before earthquake.The anomalies appearing in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ may becaused by the change of driving force and the anomalies in stage Ⅲ may be caused by the propa-gation or weakening of the fault and smoothening of the fault surface.A numerical modelling has been made to study the spatial distribution of anomalies in eachstages. In order to reveal the distribution and its causes more clearly，the increment mean stressδσ_m and the increment maximum shear stress δτ_(max) are calculated． It is shown that the distributionof δτ_(max) in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ is similar to the background stress field．The distribution of δσ_m instage Ⅱ is outstanding on the en－echelon jogs.the distribution of δτ_(max) and δσ_m display an eight-petaline pattern and a four-quadrant pattern，respectively，the propagation point is in the center ofthe pattern.The temporal process of the distribution of the increment stress field in an en－eche-lon fault system has also been studied.
The complication of tectonics in CHina gives us an advantage to find some anomalies near orfar from the coming earthquake.They may be alert to the occurrence of a strong earthquake.However the problems are：1）before some strong earthquakes there were no anomalies，2）insome cases no earthquake occurred after the anomalies，and 3）in some cases the place with obvi-ous anomalies did not correspond to the epicenter．Therefore，studying the stages of anomaliesand analysing the cause and spatial distribution may help us to elucidate the problems.The deformation process in a region may be divided into 4 stages：stage Ⅰ is before the yieldpoint，and stage Ⅱ is between the yield point and peak strength point．Stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ may berelated to the long－term to medium－term stages before earthquake。Stage Ⅲ is between strengthpoint and instable point and stage Ⅳ is after instable point．Stage Ⅲ may be related to the short-term to imminent stages before earthquake.The anomalies appearing in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ may becaused by the change of driving force and the anomalies in stage Ⅲ may be caused by the propa-gation or weakening of the fault and smoothening of the fault surface.A numerical modelling has been made to study the spatial distribution of anomalies in eachstages. In order to reveal the distribution and its causes more clearly，the increment mean stressδσ_m and the increment maximum shear stress δτ_(max) are calculated． It is shown that the distributionof δτ_(max) in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ is similar to the background stress field．The distribution of δσ_m instage Ⅱ is outstanding on the en－echelon jogs.the distribution of δτ_(max) and δσ_m display an eight-petaline pattern and a four-quadrant pattern，respectively，the propagation point is in the center ofthe pattern.The temporal process of the distribution of the increment stress field in an en－eche-lon fault system has also been studied.
引文
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