三峡库首区蓄水前后构造应力场三维数值模拟研究
摘要
迄今为止,长江三峡库首区蓄水对上地壳构造应力场影响的数值模拟研究中存在的最大问题是未考虑地形“峡谷效应”和库水下渗导致“岩石弱化”的影响。利用高精度DEM图和135 m水位蓄水同期重力异常观测资料,首次建立包含地形单元、库水下渗因素等复杂条件下的三峡库首区上地壳三维数值模型。在Marc软件平台上,以优选加载方案进行数值模拟,揭示135 m水位、175 m水位蓄水条件下库首区上地壳构造应力场的动态变化,发现九湾溪、马鹿池、官渡口、牛口等断裂带挟持区出现最大3.5～5.0 MPa的最大主应力降等有利于高角度正断层失稳的应力场变化,预测175 m水位蓄水影响将呈“继承性”发展。首次提出“二次诱发地震”、“水库诱发地震潜在震源”、“叠加潜在震源”的思想,探讨了蓄水对秭归、巴东2个重点区域断裂稳定性、孕震环境及地震危险性的影响。
The main problem on simulation of tectonic stress field after reservoir impounding in the head area of the Three Gorges is the influence of“canyon effect” and “rock soften.” For the first time,taking the terrain,water load distribution,infiltration range and the fault units into account,the 3D numerical modeling of the upper crust of the Head Area of the Three Gorges is established on the software platform of Marc to reflect the change of tectonic stress field under the load cases—water lever 175 m and 135 m.From the numerical simulation results,it is discovered that under water level 135 mt,he maximum principal stress descends(3.5-5.0 MPa) is connected with the activities of high angle normal fault and these changes are more obvious under water level 175 m.The idea of“secondary induced earthquake”,“potential induced seismic source in reservoir”and “superposition seismic source”are presented first.Moreover,the effects on the stability of area fault and the seismogenic environment in Zhigui and Badong after impoundment are analyzed.
The main problem on simulation of tectonic stress field after reservoir impounding in the head area of the Three Gorges is the influence of“canyon effect” and “rock soften.” For the first time,taking the terrain,water load distribution,infiltration range and the fault units into account,the 3D numerical modeling of the upper crust of the Head Area of the Three Gorges is established on the software platform of Marc to reflect the change of tectonic stress field under the load cases—water lever 175 m and 135 m.From the numerical simulation results,it is discovered that under water level 135 mt,he maximum principal stress descends(3.5-5.0 MPa) is connected with the activities of high angle normal fault and these changes are more obvious under water level 175 m.The idea of“secondary induced earthquake”,“potential induced seismic source in reservoir”and “superposition seismic source”are presented first.Moreover,the effects on the stability of area fault and the seismogenic environment in Zhigui and Badong after impoundment are analyzed.
引文
[1]陈蜀俊,姚运生,曾佐勋.三峡水库蓄水对库首区孕震环境及潜在震源影响研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(3):116–120.(Chen Shujun,Yao Yunsheng,Zeng Zuoxun,et al.Effect of impounding on seismogenic environment and potential focus in head region of Three Gorge Reservoir[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(3):116–120.(in Chinese))
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[8]闵弘,谭国焕,戴福初.蓄水期库岸古滑坡的水动力学响应监测——以三峡库区泄滩滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(21):3 722–3 726.(Min Hong,Tan Guohuan,Dai Fuchu,et al.Hydrodynamic monitoring of preexisting landslide during reservoir filling——a case history of Xietan landslide,the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(21):3 722–3 726.(in Chinese))
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[10]冯夏庭,张治强,杨成祥,等.位移反分析的神经网络方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(5):497–502.(Feng Xiating,Zhang Zhiqiang,Yang Chengxiang,et al.Study on genetic-neural network method of displacement back analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(5):497–502.(in Chinese))
[11]陈蜀俊,段向东,罗登贵,等.弹性波测井在三峡库岸地层评价中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(17):2 937–2 940.(Chen Shujun,Duan Xiangdong,Luo Denggui,et al.Application of elastic waves well logging in stratum assessment of Three Gorges Reservoir bank[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(17):2 937–2 942.(in Chinese))
[12]袁登维,梅应堂,秦兴黎,等.长江三峡工程坝区及外围地壳稳定性研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996.(Yuan Dengwei,Mei Yingtang,Qin Xingli,et al.Study on the Crust Stability in Damsite and Surrounding Area of the Three Gorges Project[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1996.(in Chinese)
[13]陈蜀俊.三峡库首区蓄水前后构造应力场数值模拟及地震危险性研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国地质大学,2005.(Chen Shujun.Numerical modeling of tectonic stress field in the head area of the three gorges before and after reservoir impounding and studies on the seismic risk[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2005.(in Chinese))
[14]马瑾,马胜利,刘力强,等.交叉断层交替活动与块体运动的实验研究[J].地震地质,2000,22(11):65–70.(Ma Jin,Ma Shengli,Liu Liqiang,et al.Experimental study on alternate slip of intersecting faults and block movement[J].Seismology and Geology,2000,22(11):65–70.(in Chinese))
[15]马瑾,马胜利,刘力强,等.断层相互作用型式的试验研究,自然科学进展,2002,12(5):503–508.(Ma Jin,Ma Shengli,Liu Liqiang,et al.Testing study on category of interaction between faults[J].Progress in Natural Science,2002,12(5):503–508.(in Chinese))
[16]胡修文,唐辉明,刘佑荣.三峡库区赵树岭滑坡稳定性物理模拟试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2 089–2 095.(Hu Xiuwen,Tang Huiming,Liu Yourong.Physical model studies on stability of Zhaoshuling landslide in area of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2 089–2 095.(in Chinese))
[17]张秋文.大陆强震复发模型与断裂间相互作用研究及其在地震预报中的应用[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2002.(Zhang Qiuwen.Earthquake recurrence model,active fault interaction and their applications to earthquake potential assessment[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,2002.(in Chinese))
[2]陈蜀俊,苏爱军,罗登贵.长江三峡水库诱发地震的成因类型[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(2):70–73.(Chen Shujun,Su Aijun,Luo Denggui,et al.Cause and category of induced earth-quake In Three Gorges[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(2):70–73.(in Chinese))
[3]李细光.三峡库首区活动断裂及现今构造应力场研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国地质大学,2004.(Li Xiguang.Studies on the active faults and the current tectonic stress field in the head area of the Three Gorges Reservoir[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2004.(in Chinese))
[4]高士钧.长江三峡地区地壳应力场与地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.(Gao Shijun.Crustal Stress Field and Seismic Activity in the Three Gorges Area[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[5]唐辉明,马淑芝,刘佑荣,等.三峡工程库区巴东县赵树岭滑坡稳定性与防治对策研究[J].地球科学,2002,27(5):621–625.(Tang Huiming,Ma Shushi,Liu Yourong,et al.Stability and control measures of Zhaoshuling landslide,Badong County,the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Earth Science,2002,27(5):621–625.(in Chinese))
[6]陈蜀俊,党晓英,曾心传,等.奉节长江大桥北岸边坡地震荷载作用下的稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):657–662.(Chen Shujun,Dang Xiaoying,Zeng Xinchuan,et al.The seismic stability analysis of slope at north bank of Fengjie Changjiang River bridge[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):657–662.(in Chinese))
[7]胡亚波,王丽艳.三峡水库调度对库岸斜坡体内渗透压力与斜坡稳定性影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 994–2 997.(Hu Yabo,Wang Liyan.Research on effects of permeability pressure on slope stability during peculating water level in Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 994–2 997.(in Chinese))
[8]闵弘,谭国焕,戴福初.蓄水期库岸古滑坡的水动力学响应监测——以三峡库区泄滩滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(21):3 722–3 726.(Min Hong,Tan Guohuan,Dai Fuchu,et al.Hydrodynamic monitoring of preexisting landslide during reservoir filling——a case history of Xietan landslide,the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(21):3 722–3 726.(in Chinese))
[9]申重阳,孙少安,项爱民,等.长江三峡库首区近期重力场动态变化[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(1):6–13.(Shen Chongyang,Sun Shaoan,Xiang Aimin,et al.Dynamic variations of gravity field in head region of Three Gorges Reservoir in near future[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(1):6–13.(in Chinese))
[10]冯夏庭,张治强,杨成祥,等.位移反分析的神经网络方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(5):497–502.(Feng Xiating,Zhang Zhiqiang,Yang Chengxiang,et al.Study on genetic-neural network method of displacement back analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(5):497–502.(in Chinese))
[11]陈蜀俊,段向东,罗登贵,等.弹性波测井在三峡库岸地层评价中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(17):2 937–2 940.(Chen Shujun,Duan Xiangdong,Luo Denggui,et al.Application of elastic waves well logging in stratum assessment of Three Gorges Reservoir bank[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(17):2 937–2 942.(in Chinese))
[12]袁登维,梅应堂,秦兴黎,等.长江三峡工程坝区及外围地壳稳定性研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996.(Yuan Dengwei,Mei Yingtang,Qin Xingli,et al.Study on the Crust Stability in Damsite and Surrounding Area of the Three Gorges Project[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1996.(in Chinese)
[13]陈蜀俊.三峡库首区蓄水前后构造应力场数值模拟及地震危险性研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国地质大学,2005.(Chen Shujun.Numerical modeling of tectonic stress field in the head area of the three gorges before and after reservoir impounding and studies on the seismic risk[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2005.(in Chinese))
[14]马瑾,马胜利,刘力强,等.交叉断层交替活动与块体运动的实验研究[J].地震地质,2000,22(11):65–70.(Ma Jin,Ma Shengli,Liu Liqiang,et al.Experimental study on alternate slip of intersecting faults and block movement[J].Seismology and Geology,2000,22(11):65–70.(in Chinese))
[15]马瑾,马胜利,刘力强,等.断层相互作用型式的试验研究,自然科学进展,2002,12(5):503–508.(Ma Jin,Ma Shengli,Liu Liqiang,et al.Testing study on category of interaction between faults[J].Progress in Natural Science,2002,12(5):503–508.(in Chinese))
[16]胡修文,唐辉明,刘佑荣.三峡库区赵树岭滑坡稳定性物理模拟试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2 089–2 095.(Hu Xiuwen,Tang Huiming,Liu Yourong.Physical model studies on stability of Zhaoshuling landslide in area of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2 089–2 095.(in Chinese))
[17]张秋文.大陆强震复发模型与断裂间相互作用研究及其在地震预报中的应用[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2002.(Zhang Qiuwen.Earthquake recurrence model,active fault interaction and their applications to earthquake potential assessment[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,2002.(in Chinese))
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