汶川地震德阳地区伤员医疗救治的分析与研究
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摘要
目的分析汶川地震中伤员的伤情特点、救治过程和效果,探讨灾难救援中信息侦察、军事化救援、损害控制原则的应用和作用。方法收集了四川省德阳市某医院在2008年5月12日~5月31日收治的1 420地震伤员资料,分析各部位伤发生率和各年龄组受伤情况,回顾早期救治分类、救治方法和内容。结果1420例伤员中,共有1821处损伤,单个部位伤1089例,占76.69%;多部位伤331例,占23.31%;四肢损伤、体表和软组织损伤多于其他部位损伤;单个部位伤明显多于多部位伤(P<0.01)。伤员流在震后前2天最多,占68.80%,明显多于其他时间(P<0.01);19~45岁年龄组伤员多于其他年龄组(P<0.01);伤后12小时以上才得到救治的伤员最多(P<0.01)。结论平时灾难救援中救治的速度是关键,信息侦察是保证早期灾害救治的前提;在救治中应遵循损害控制原则,平时加强自救互救训练和急救知识培训可挽救更多伤员的生命,军事化救援是今后灾害救援的新趋势。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of the wounded and the effect of remedy in the Wenchuan earthquake,to investigate the application and role of the detection for information,military rescue and the principle of damage control.Methods The data of 1420 wounded suffered in earthquake from a hospital in Deyang during May 12 to May 31 were collected to analyze the incidence of separate parts in the body,the injury state at different age stages,and review the classification,methods and contents of the remedy in the early rescuing stage.Results Of the 1420 patients,there were 1089 cases with single injury(76.69%) and 331 cases with multiple injuries(23.31%).The incidence of extremities and body surface trauma and soft tissue injury was higher than that of others;The incidence of single injury was higher than that of multiple trauma(P<0.01);The main flow of wounded(68.80%) occurred within the first 2 days after earthquake,which was much more than that in the other time(P<0.01).The number of patients ranged form 19 to 45 years old was bigger than that of other age stages(P<0.01).Most patients were remedied 12 hours after earthquake(P<0.01).Conclusion The speed is the key in the disaster rescue,and the detection for information is the precondition of the early disaster rescue,and the principle of damage control should be followed.The training of self-care and mutual aid and knowledge of emergency treatment may be good to save more life,and military remedy would be the new trend of the disaster rescue in the future.
引文
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