遥感-岩石力学(Ⅵ)——岩石摩擦滑移特征及其影响因素分析
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摘要
以花岗闪长岩和辉长岩为例,结合遥感-岩石力学基础实验研究,研究了双轴加载条件下岩石摩擦滑移特征,重点对影响岩石摩擦滑移特征的5个重要因素,即正应力、岩性、摩擦表面粗糙度、含水性及摩擦速率进行了实验分析。研究表明:(1) 正应力越大,越容易出现粘滑,粘滑时应力降越大,且重复粘滑的间隔周期越长。(2) 相同边界条件下,辉长岩的粘滑性比花岗闪长岩强。(3) 摩擦表面粗糙度对岩石的粘滑性能有较大影响,重复摩擦会增加粘滑的不稳定性。(4) 含水后岩石摩擦面的摩擦强度会降低,但摩擦过程中水份随产热蒸发,其摩擦强度会逐渐恢复。(5) 低速率摩擦时岩石主要表现为粘滑,而高速率摩擦时则主要表现为稳滑。
The rock friction-sliding features in condition of bi-axial loading are experimentally studied with gabbro and granodiorite as examples. The five important influence factors,that is,normal stress,rock property,roughness of the friction surface,aqueousness and sliding rate,are experimentally studied and analyzed. It is revealed that (1) the higher the normal stress is,the easier the stick-slip is and the longer the period is between two consecutive stick-slippings,(2) if the boundary conditions are the same,stick-slip potentiality of gabbro is bigger than that of granodiorite,(3) the roughness of the friction surface has much influence on the stick-slip property,and the repeated frictions will increase the instability of stick-slip,(4) the friction strength of aqueous rock is to decrease,but it will recover gradually with the heat production and the water evaporation in the process of friction-sliding,and (5) in condition of low friction rate,the rock friction-sliding is chiefly stick-slip,while in condition of high friction rate,the rock friction-sliding is chiefly stable slip.
The rock friction-sliding features in condition of bi-axial loading are experimentally studied with gabbro and granodiorite as examples. The five important influence factors,that is,normal stress,rock property,roughness of the friction surface,aqueousness and sliding rate,are experimentally studied and analyzed. It is revealed that (1) the higher the normal stress is,the easier the stick-slip is and the longer the period is between two consecutive stick-slippings,(2) if the boundary conditions are the same,stick-slip potentiality of gabbro is bigger than that of granodiorite,(3) the roughness of the friction surface has much influence on the stick-slip property,and the repeated frictions will increase the instability of stick-slip,(4) the friction strength of aqueous rock is to decrease,but it will recover gradually with the heat production and the water evaporation in the process of friction-sliding,and (5) in condition of low friction rate,the rock friction-sliding is chiefly stick-slip,while in condition of high friction rate,the rock friction-sliding is chiefly stable slip.
引文
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2Ruin aAL.Sl ipinstabili tya ndsta tevariab lefricti onlaws[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1983,88:10359～10370
3Dieter ichJH.Mode li ngof rockfrictio n:1.experime ntalres ult sandconstitu tiveequations[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1979,84:2161～2168
4何昌荣.两种摩擦本构关系的对比研究[J].地震地质,1999,21(2):137～146
5ScholzSH.Ea rth quakeand frictionlaws[J].Nature,1998,391(1):37～42
6李纪汉,刘晓红,郝晋升等.岩石摩擦滑动的声发射b值[J].西北地震学报,1987,9(4):34～38
7耿乃光,郝晋升,李纪汉等.应力途径与岩石的摩擦滑动[J].地震学报,1987,9(2):201～207
8马文涛,马瑾,马胜利等.岩石摩擦滑动中声发射的多普勒效应[J].地震地质,1995,17(4):311～317
9刘晓红.岩石摩擦滑动失稳前断层区的波速变化[J].中国地震,1997,13(1):82～87
10陈禺页.地壳岩石的力学性能[M].北京:地震出版社,1988
11所波列夫.震源物理与地震预报[M].北京:地?鸪霭嫔?19 97
12BraceW F, B yerleeJD. Sti ck-slipasamechanismforearthquakes[J].Science,1966,153:999～992
13何昌荣,马胜利,黄建国.断层滑动速率变化对滑动稳定性的影响[J].地震地质,1998,20(1):54～62
14周长民,戴宝刚,陈亚明等.花岗石及其矿物的磨削机理[J].山东建材,1999,(4):6～7
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