“破坏-安全”结构抗震理念及其应用
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摘要
目前我国房屋建筑抗震采用的以小震弹性计算为基础的设计方法,使工程师忽视了对建筑结构在强烈地震作用下破坏模式的充分考虑与设计,使得建筑结构的大震安全性有时难以得到保证。"破坏-安全"抗震理念,以房屋建筑最重要的抗震安全性能为目标,要求设计人员对结构的预期破坏模式有充分的把握和控制,使结构在强烈地震作用下能够形成明确的预期破坏模式并具备一定的耗能能力,从而以经济的代价保证结构其余部分在强烈地震作用下的安全。本文结合我国汶川地震灾后恢复重建与加固改造的实际情况,介绍了"破坏-安全"抗震理念及其设计概念,并介绍了国内外研究人员与工程师在实现"破坏-安全"抗震理念方面所提出的创新抗震结构体系及其研究成果。希望"破坏-安全"这一抗震理念及其相关技术能够在我国广大的经济欠发达地区的抗震设计实践中得到推广,以全面提高我国经济欠发达地区房屋建筑的抗震安全性。
The current design method in anti-seismic design code takes the structural elastic response subjected to minor earthquakes as the basis for structural design. This makes engineers tend not to pay enough attention to designing and controlling the structural failure mechanism under rare earthquakes. Thus, the seismic safety of building structures subjected to rare earthquakes is not always guaranteed. The "fail-safe" concept in anti-seismic design aims at the seismic safety, which is considered as the most important seismic performance of building structures. This concept requires engineers to fully understand damage and failure behavior of the structure to be designed. The structure under this new concept is expected to hold adequate energy-dissipating capacity and is able to survive from rare earthquakes with acceptable cost. Focusing on the rehabilitation of Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake, the basic concepts, as well as some recent development and application of the fail-safe design are introduced. The "fail-safe" design is believed to be an effective and economical solution for improving the seismic safety of the building structures all over China and to be especially valuable for the under development regions.
The current design method in anti-seismic design code takes the structural elastic response subjected to minor earthquakes as the basis for structural design. This makes engineers tend not to pay enough attention to designing and controlling the structural failure mechanism under rare earthquakes. Thus, the seismic safety of building structures subjected to rare earthquakes is not always guaranteed. The "fail-safe" concept in anti-seismic design aims at the seismic safety, which is considered as the most important seismic performance of building structures. This concept requires engineers to fully understand damage and failure behavior of the structure to be designed. The structure under this new concept is expected to hold adequate energy-dissipating capacity and is able to survive from rare earthquakes with acceptable cost. Focusing on the rehabilitation of Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake, the basic concepts, as well as some recent development and application of the fail-safe design are introduced. The "fail-safe" design is believed to be an effective and economical solution for improving the seismic safety of the building structures all over China and to be especially valuable for the under development regions.
引文
国家基本建设委员会,1979.工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范(TJ11-78).北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
欧进萍,邱法维,1995.耗能-隔震柔性底层钢管混凝土-钢筋混凝土组合框架的实验研究.地震工程与工程振动,15(2):29—42.
王文明,1991.砂层滑动隔震.见:王优龙等编,隔震技术的研究与应用.北京:地震出版社,99—109.
Ajrab J.J.,Pekcan G.,Mander J.B.,2004.Rocking wall-frame structures with supplemental tendon systems.Journal of Structural Engineering,130(6):895—903.
ASCE7-05,2005.Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.
BSL,2004.The Building Standard Law of Japan.Translated by Sansei International Inc.4th ed.Tokyo:The Building Center of Japan.
Deierlein G.G.,Ma X.,Eatherton M.et al.,2009.Collaborative research on development of inoovative steel braced frame systems with controlled rocking and replaceable fuses.Proc.6th International Conference on Urban Earthquake Engineering,Tokyo:413—416.
Dooley K.L.,Bracci J.M.,2001.Seismic evaluation of column-to-beam strength ratios in reinforced concrete frames.ACI Structural Journal,98(6):843—851.
Kabeyazawa T.,Matsumori T.et al.,2006.Plan of3-D dynamic collapse tests on three-story reinforced concrete buildings with flexible foundation.(in print).
Marriott D.,Pampanin S.,Bull D.,Palermo A.,2008.Dynamic testing of precast,post-tensioned rocking wall systems with alternative dissipating solutions.Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering,41(2):90—103.
Midorikawa M.,Azuhata T.,Ishihara T.,Wada A.,2007.Shaking table tests on seismic response of steel braced frames with column uplifts.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,35(17):67—85.
Paulay T.,1980.Deterministic design procedures for ductile frames in seismic areas.ACI publication,63(3):57—81.
Paulay T.,1983.Deterministic seismic design procedures for reinforced concrete buildings.Engineering Structures,5(1):79—86.
Paulay T.,Priestley M.J.N.,1992.Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings.New York:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.
欧进萍,邱法维,1995.耗能-隔震柔性底层钢管混凝土-钢筋混凝土组合框架的实验研究.地震工程与工程振动,15(2):29—42.
王文明,1991.砂层滑动隔震.见:王优龙等编,隔震技术的研究与应用.北京:地震出版社,99—109.
Ajrab J.J.,Pekcan G.,Mander J.B.,2004.Rocking wall-frame structures with supplemental tendon systems.Journal of Structural Engineering,130(6):895—903.
ASCE7-05,2005.Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.
BSL,2004.The Building Standard Law of Japan.Translated by Sansei International Inc.4th ed.Tokyo:The Building Center of Japan.
Deierlein G.G.,Ma X.,Eatherton M.et al.,2009.Collaborative research on development of inoovative steel braced frame systems with controlled rocking and replaceable fuses.Proc.6th International Conference on Urban Earthquake Engineering,Tokyo:413—416.
Dooley K.L.,Bracci J.M.,2001.Seismic evaluation of column-to-beam strength ratios in reinforced concrete frames.ACI Structural Journal,98(6):843—851.
Kabeyazawa T.,Matsumori T.et al.,2006.Plan of3-D dynamic collapse tests on three-story reinforced concrete buildings with flexible foundation.(in print).
Marriott D.,Pampanin S.,Bull D.,Palermo A.,2008.Dynamic testing of precast,post-tensioned rocking wall systems with alternative dissipating solutions.Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering,41(2):90—103.
Midorikawa M.,Azuhata T.,Ishihara T.,Wada A.,2007.Shaking table tests on seismic response of steel braced frames with column uplifts.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,35(17):67—85.
Paulay T.,1980.Deterministic design procedures for ductile frames in seismic areas.ACI publication,63(3):57—81.
Paulay T.,1983.Deterministic seismic design procedures for reinforced concrete buildings.Engineering Structures,5(1):79—86.
Paulay T.,Priestley M.J.N.,1992.Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings.New York:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.
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