公路工程抗震减灾技术回顾与展望
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摘要
为全面把握当前公路工程抗震减灾技术面临的机遇与挑战,回顾了公路工程抗震减灾技术的发展历程,归纳了计算理论从静力法发展到动力法、设防理念从抗震发展到减隔震、设计方法从强度设计发展到性能设计、设防对象从单体工程发展到整体路网设防及从单一地震灾害防御发展到地震等多灾害综合防御等4大发展特点。结合汶川地震、玉树地震实际情况,指出了我国目前路网抗震减灾能力不够强、公路地震灾害信息获取相对困难、次生灾害造成损失严重的现状,提出了公路结构物在地震中总体表现较好的观点。最后,指出了我国公路工程抗震减灾技术应加强路网抗灾能力、公路灾害遥感监测与评估技术、震后次生灾害防治技术、新技术研发与既有技术评价、公路结构物应急检评与应急保通技术等5个方面的研究发展方向。
In order to fully master the opportunities and challenges of earthquake resistance and disaster mitigation technology of highway engineering,the development of highway engineering's seismic technology was reviewed,four main features,including the theory developed from static method to dynamic method,fortification concepts developed from simply seismic resistance to mitigation and isolation method,seismic design method developed from strength criteria to performance-based design method,and fortification object developed from one single highway structures to highway network and from earthquake disaster resistance to multi-disaster resistance,were summarized.Based on the conditions in Wenchuan and Yushu earthquake,three current deficiencies of highway system,including weaker road network anti-seismic capacity,acquisition difficulty of earthquake disaster information of highway,and secondary disasters caused serious loss,were put forward.The view that highway structures behaved well as a whole was put forward.Finally,five research areas that should be enhanced,including anti-seismic capacity of road network,road hazards monitoring and assessment using remote sensing technology,prevention technology of secondary disasters after earthquake,development of new technology and evaluation of existing techniques,emergency inspect and evaluation and emergency traffic-keeping techniques of highway structures,were suggested.
In order to fully master the opportunities and challenges of earthquake resistance and disaster mitigation technology of highway engineering,the development of highway engineering's seismic technology was reviewed,four main features,including the theory developed from static method to dynamic method,fortification concepts developed from simply seismic resistance to mitigation and isolation method,seismic design method developed from strength criteria to performance-based design method,and fortification object developed from one single highway structures to highway network and from earthquake disaster resistance to multi-disaster resistance,were summarized.Based on the conditions in Wenchuan and Yushu earthquake,three current deficiencies of highway system,including weaker road network anti-seismic capacity,acquisition difficulty of earthquake disaster information of highway,and secondary disasters caused serious loss,were put forward.The view that highway structures behaved well as a whole was put forward.Finally,five research areas that should be enhanced,including anti-seismic capacity of road network,road hazards monitoring and assessment using remote sensing technology,prevention technology of secondary disasters after earthquake,development of new technology and evaluation of existing techniques,emergency inspect and evaluation and emergency traffic-keeping techniques of highway structures,were suggested.
引文
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[2]中华人民共和国交通运输部.GBG/T B02-01-2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.P.R.China.Ministry of Transport.GBG/TB02-01-2008 Guidelines for Seismic Design of Highway Bridges[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2008.
[3]中华人民共和国铁道部.GB 50111-2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.P.R.China.Ministry of Railway.GB 50111-2006Code for Seismic Design of Railway Engineering[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2006.
[4]中华人民共和国建设部.GBJ11-89建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.P.R.China.Ministry of Construction.GBJ11-89 Codefor Seismic Design of Buildings[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,1989.
[5]California Department of Transportation Division ofEngineering Services.Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria[S].Version 1.2.California:[s.n.],2001.
[6]European Committee for Standardization.Eurucode 8Design Provisions for Earthquake Resistance ofStructures—Part 2:Bridges[S].Brussels:EuropeanCommittee for Standardization,1994.
[7]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].2版.北京:地震出版社,2006.HU Yuxian.Earthquake Engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Earthquake Press,2006.
[8]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.FAN Lichu.Seismic Design for Highway Brdige[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997.
[9]王克海.桥梁抗震研究[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007.WANG Kehai.Research on Bridge Seismic Resistance[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2007.
[10]叶爱君.桥梁抗震[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.YE Aijun.Seismic Design for Highway Brdige[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2002.
[11]谢礼立,马玉宏,翟长海.基于性态的抗震设防与设计地震动[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.XIE Lili,MA Yuhong,ZHAI Changhai.Performance-based Seismic Design Criterion and Earthquake Motions[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[12]王克海,孙永红,韦韩,等.汶川地震后对我国结构工程抗震的几点思考[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(11):55-59.WANG Kehai,SUN Yonghong,WEI Han,et al.Comments on Seismic Strengthening for StructuralEngineering in China after Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research andDevelopment,2008,25(11):55-59.
[13]王克海,李茜.桥梁抗震的研究进展[J].工程力学,2007,24(增2):75-82.WANG Kehai,LI Qian.Research Progress on AseismicDesign of Bridges[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(S2):75-82.
[14]庄卫林,刘振宇,蒋劲松.汶川大地震公路桥梁震害分析及对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1377-1387.ZHUANG Weilin,LIU Zhenyu,JIANG Jinsong.Earthquake-induced Damage Analysis of Highway Bridgesin Wenchuan Earthquake and Countermeasures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1377-1387.
[15]蒋劲松,庄卫林,刘振宇.汶川地震百花大桥震害调查分析[J].桥梁建设,2008(6):41-44.JIANG Jinsong,ZHUANG Weilin,LIU Zhenyu.Investigation and Analysis of Seismic Damage to BaihuaBridge in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].BridgeConstruction,2008(6):41-44.
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