大西线调水难以实现的若干问题分析
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摘要
阐述制约大西线调水工程建设的若干问题,认为大西线调水难以解决大坝和水库漏水问题,以及水渠、倒虹吸等水利设施的安全性问题;由于大坝漏水,水库蓄水高度无法达到隧道进水口高度,大规模调水将难以进行。区内大规模调水,从生态环境角度看,将引起沙漠化、草原退化、植物群落消亡等问题;从经济角度看,由于不是自流调水,可调水量不大,工程建设与工程维护的投资巨大,调水的经济效益有限;从社会角度看,调水将改变西南与西北地区、我国和邻国之间的利益关系,会带来社会和政治问题。指出:大西线调水方案低估了施工难度和工程成本,夸大了可调水数量和经济与社会效益。
Some problems restricting the construction of the South-West Water Diversion Project are discussed in this paper.It is hard to solve the problems of dam and reservoir leakage and the security problem of water conservancy such as the drains,inverted siphon waterway.Due to dam leakage,high water intake can not achieve the level of the tunnel intake and then the large-scale water diversion will be difficult to carry out.From the ecological and environmental perspective,the regional large-scale water diversion will cause desertification,grassland degradation and extinction of plant communities etc.From the economic perspective,the investments in construction and engineering maintenance are huge and the economic benefit from the water diversion is limited because the water is not driven by gravity and the adjustable water volume is not enough.From the social perspective,the water diversion may bring about social or political issues because it will change the interests relationships between the southwest and northwest region,and those between our country and neighboring countries.This study indicates that the scheme of the South-West Water Diversion Project underestimates the construction difficulty and aggrandizes the social and economic benefits.
Some problems restricting the construction of the South-West Water Diversion Project are discussed in this paper.It is hard to solve the problems of dam and reservoir leakage and the security problem of water conservancy such as the drains,inverted siphon waterway.Due to dam leakage,high water intake can not achieve the level of the tunnel intake and then the large-scale water diversion will be difficult to carry out.From the ecological and environmental perspective,the regional large-scale water diversion will cause desertification,grassland degradation and extinction of plant communities etc.From the economic perspective,the investments in construction and engineering maintenance are huge and the economic benefit from the water diversion is limited because the water is not driven by gravity and the adjustable water volume is not enough.From the social perspective,the water diversion may bring about social or political issues because it will change the interests relationships between the southwest and northwest region,and those between our country and neighboring countries.This study indicates that the scheme of the South-West Water Diversion Project underestimates the construction difficulty and aggrandizes the social and economic benefits.
引文
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[2]章轲.“大西线调水”首倡者郭开:拯救黄河迫在眉睫[N].第一财经日报,2006-03-21(3).
[3]中国黄河文化经济发展研究会,大西线南水北调论证委员会.大西线南水北调工程建议书[J].当代思潮,1999(2):2-18.
[4]何广沂.冲刺:大西线实地考察纪实[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004.
[5]李伶.西藏之水救中国:大西线“再造中国”战略内幕详录[M].北京:中国长安出版社,2005.
[6]佚名.三峡工程:十大世界之最[EB/OL].[2008-04-01].http://www.china.eastday.com.
[7]戚筱俊,彭阜南,叶银灿,等.“大西线”调水的工程地质条件和问题初探[J].西部探矿工程,2002(1):6-9.
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[11]钱洪,罗灼礼,闻学泽.鲜水河断裂带上特征地震的初步研究[J].地震学报,1990,12(1):22-29.
[12]路秉慧,郭德成,张亚彤,等.黄河宁蒙段凌汛特点分析[J].内蒙古水利,2005(4):15-16.
[13]王春青,彭梅香.黄河凌汛成因分析及预测研究[M].北京:气象出版社,2007.
[14]王德华.西藏之水能救中国惠南亚吗[J].社会观察,2007(11):12-14.
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