地震信号的复地震道分析及应用
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摘要
复地震道分析又称三瞬分析,该分析方法可将反映地震信号局部变化情况的地震波的瞬时振幅、瞬时相位和瞬时频率等信息分离开.本文应用Hilbert变换求解虚地震记录,用复地震道分析方法求取"三瞬"信息,并用该方法计算了理论合成地震记录的瞬时振幅、瞬时相位和瞬时频率,获得了较好的效果.同时,本文也利用该方法对某区块实际地震资料进行了处理,结果表明,复地震道分析方法获得的"三瞬"信息可反映地震信号的局部变化,有助于进行地震薄互层分析,并能提高数据的解释精度.
Complex seismic trace analysis is also called three instantaneous analysis.It can separate instantaneous amplitude from instantaneous phase and instantaneous frequency of seismic wave,and give local variations of seismic signal.Imaginary seismogram is obtained by Hilbert transform and three instantaneous information is obtained by complex seismic trace analysis method in this paper.The instantaneous amplitude,instantaneous phase and instantaneous frequency of theoretical synthetic seismogram are calculated and their effects are good.The actual data processing results show that the instantaneous information from the complex seismic trace analysis method not only reflects local variation of seismic signal,but also devotes to analysis of thin interbeds with seismic data,which can also improve interpretation accuracy.
Complex seismic trace analysis is also called three instantaneous analysis.It can separate instantaneous amplitude from instantaneous phase and instantaneous frequency of seismic wave,and give local variations of seismic signal.Imaginary seismogram is obtained by Hilbert transform and three instantaneous information is obtained by complex seismic trace analysis method in this paper.The instantaneous amplitude,instantaneous phase and instantaneous frequency of theoretical synthetic seismogram are calculated and their effects are good.The actual data processing results show that the instantaneous information from the complex seismic trace analysis method not only reflects local variation of seismic signal,but also devotes to analysis of thin interbeds with seismic data,which can also improve interpretation accuracy.
引文
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[16]王西文,刘全新,李幼铭,等.地震信号瞬时特征在小波域分频提取的方法和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(4):452~460.Wang X W,Liu Q X,Li Y M,et al.One method for fre-quency-division obtainment of instantaneous characteristics ofseismic signals in wavelet domain,and its application[J].OilGeophysical prospecting(in Chinese),2000,35(4):452~460.
[17]周绪文编.反射波地震勘探方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.309~312.Zhou X W.Reflection seismic exploration methods[M].Bei-jing:Press of Petroleum Industry,1989.309~312.
[18]White R E.Properties of instantaneous seismic attributes[J].The leading edge,1991,10(7):26~32.
[19]Arthur E,Barner.The calculation of instantaneous frequen-cy and instantaneous bandwidth[J].Geophysics,1992,57,1520~1524.
[20]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭,等.局域波分解及其在地震信号时频分析中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):365~375.Liu X W,Liu H,Li Y M,et al.Local waves decompositionand its applications to seismic signal time-frequency analysis[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2):365~375.
[2]刘洪,袁江华,陈景波,等.大步长波场深度延拓的理论[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1779~1793.Liu H,Yuan J H,Chen J B,et al.Theory of large-step wave-field depth extrapolation[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chi-nese),2006,49(6):1779~1793.
[3]刘洪,袁江华,勾永峰,等.地震逆散射波场和算子的谱分解[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):240~247.Liu H,Yuan J H,Gou Y F,et al.Spectral factorization ofwavefield and operator in seismic inverse scattering[J].Chi-nese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):240~247.
[4]裴江云,刘洪,李幼铭.在随机噪音背景下地震反射信号的增强[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):91~95.Pei J Y,Liu H,Li Y M.Enhancing seismic reflection signalunder random noise[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(1):91~95.
[5]牟永光编.地震勘探资料数字处理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981.271~278.Mu Y G.Beijing:Digital processing methods of seismic explo-ration data[M].Beijing:Press of Petroleum Industry,1981.271~278.
[6]Tanner M T,Koehler F,Sheriff R E.Complex trace analysis[J].Geophysics,1979,44:1041~1063.
[7]Robertson J M,Nogami H H.Complex seismic trace analysisof thin beds[J].Geophysics,1984,49:344~352.
[8]Barnes A E.Theory of 2-D Complex Seismic trace analysis[J].Geophysics,1996,61:264~272.
[9]Barnes A E.Instantaneous frequency and amplitude at the en-velope peak of a constant-phase wavelet[J].Geophysics,1991,56:1058~1060.
[10]张志勇,胡敬浓,张丽娇,等.探地雷达复信号分析的几点讨论[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(2):146~148.Zhang Z Y,Hu J N,Zhang L J,et al.Some discussion aboutreply signal analysis of GPR[J].Computing Techniques forGeophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2006,28(2):146~148.
[11]陈雨红,杨长春,曹齐放,等.几种时频分析方法比较[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1180~1185.Chen Y H,Yang C C,Cao Q F,et al.The comparison ofsome time-frequency analysis methods[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2006,21(4):1180~1185.
[12]谢雄耀,万明浩.复信号分析技术在地质雷达信号处理中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2005,22(2):108~112.Xie X Y,Wan M H.The application of complex signal analy-sis to process ground penetrating radar data[J].ComputingTechniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2005,22(2):108~112.
[13]洪余刚,陈景山,成世琦,等.瞬时振幅相干法在储层预测中的应用[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,27(2):25~27.Yu H G,Chen J S,Chen S Q,et al.The application of In-stantaneous amplitude coherence analysis method to reservoirprediction[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2005,27(2):25~27.
[14]高静怀,陈凤,陈树民.利用地震瞬时谱属性进行薄互层分析[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(3):67~70.Gao J H,Chen F,Chen S M.Using seismic instantaneousattributes to analyze thin interbeds[J].Coal Geology and Ex-ploration,2005,33(3):67~70.
[15]倪逸,王倩,张冲.多维地震瞬时信息的直接计算方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(4):381~389.Ni Y,Wang Q,Zhang C.Direct Computation of multidimen-sional seismic instantaneous information[J].Oil Geophysicalprospecting(in Chinese),1999,34(4):381~389.
[16]王西文,刘全新,李幼铭,等.地震信号瞬时特征在小波域分频提取的方法和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(4):452~460.Wang X W,Liu Q X,Li Y M,et al.One method for fre-quency-division obtainment of instantaneous characteristics ofseismic signals in wavelet domain,and its application[J].OilGeophysical prospecting(in Chinese),2000,35(4):452~460.
[17]周绪文编.反射波地震勘探方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.309~312.Zhou X W.Reflection seismic exploration methods[M].Bei-jing:Press of Petroleum Industry,1989.309~312.
[18]White R E.Properties of instantaneous seismic attributes[J].The leading edge,1991,10(7):26~32.
[19]Arthur E,Barner.The calculation of instantaneous frequen-cy and instantaneous bandwidth[J].Geophysics,1992,57,1520~1524.
[20]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭,等.局域波分解及其在地震信号时频分析中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):365~375.Liu X W,Liu H,Li Y M,et al.Local waves decompositionand its applications to seismic signal time-frequency analysis[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2):365~375.
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