南海珠江深水扇系统及其油气勘探前景
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摘要
依据浅水陆架区大量的探井资料和二维地震资料,应用层序地层学方法对珠江口盆地距今21~10.5Ma地层段的研究表明,该段地层可划分为6个三级层序,在各层序相应的体系域内均发育深水扇沉积,并且各层序的深水扇都叠置在白云凹陷之上。对盆地内近60口探井的微体古生物定量分析表明,该地层段存在6期三级海平面变化,并与全球三级海平面变化相一致。周期性海平面下降、古珠江大河充足的沉积物供应和白云凹陷长期热沉降作用所形成并保持的陆坡深水条件是南海珠江深水扇系统发育的主要控制因素。南海北部深水陆坡沉积系统与大西洋两岸勘探热点地区的深水沉积系统有许多共同点,如都位于被动大陆边缘、长期的热沉降和大型古河流提供丰富的物源。白云凹陷北坡大型天然气田的发现也证实了白云凹陷下第三系巨厚湖相烃源岩的资源潜力。垂向叠置在烃源岩之上的多期深水扇必将成为重要的油气勘探领域。
Plenty of well data and 2D seismic data obtained from the shallow-water shelf region were used to identify six tertiary sequences from 21million to 10.5 million years before present with the sequence stratigraphic analysis.The deep-water fans were figured out in corresponding lowstand system tracts.The deep-water fan of every sequence was overlapped in Baiyun Depression.Micropaleontologic quantitative analysis for 60 exploration wells demonstrated that there were six times of tertiary sea level change from 21 million to 10.5 million years before present,which is consistent with the regulation of global tertiary sea level change.Periodic sea level falling,abundant sediment supply from the Paleo-Pearl River and long-term thermal subsidence of Baiyun Depression in Pearl River Mouth Basin resulted in the slope deep-water environment,which is the key factor for development of deep-water fan system of the Pearl River in the South China Sea.The deep-water slope deposition system in the northern South China Sea is similar to the deep-water deposition systems in the Atlantic deep-water petroleum exploration hotspots.They are both located in the passive continental margin and own long-term thermal subsidence and abundant supply from large paleo-river.Recent discovery of a large natural gas field in the northern slope of Baiyun Depression demonstrates its great resource potential in the huge lacustrine source kitchen in the Eogene of Baiyun Depression.The multi-period deep-water fans vertically superposed on the source rock will become the key fields for petroleum exploration.
Plenty of well data and 2D seismic data obtained from the shallow-water shelf region were used to identify six tertiary sequences from 21million to 10.5 million years before present with the sequence stratigraphic analysis.The deep-water fans were figured out in corresponding lowstand system tracts.The deep-water fan of every sequence was overlapped in Baiyun Depression.Micropaleontologic quantitative analysis for 60 exploration wells demonstrated that there were six times of tertiary sea level change from 21 million to 10.5 million years before present,which is consistent with the regulation of global tertiary sea level change.Periodic sea level falling,abundant sediment supply from the Paleo-Pearl River and long-term thermal subsidence of Baiyun Depression in Pearl River Mouth Basin resulted in the slope deep-water environment,which is the key factor for development of deep-water fan system of the Pearl River in the South China Sea.The deep-water slope deposition system in the northern South China Sea is similar to the deep-water deposition systems in the Atlantic deep-water petroleum exploration hotspots.They are both located in the passive continental margin and own long-term thermal subsidence and abundant supply from large paleo-river.Recent discovery of a large natural gas field in the northern slope of Baiyun Depression demonstrates its great resource potential in the huge lacustrine source kitchen in the Eogene of Baiyun Depression.The multi-period deep-water fans vertically superposed on the source rock will become the key fields for petroleum exploration.
引文
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[17]庞雄,陈长民,施和生,等.相对海平面变化与南海珠江深水扇系统的响应[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):167-177.
[18]邵磊,李献华,汪品先,等.南海渐新世以来构造演化的沉积记录———ODP1148站深海沉积物中的证据[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(4):539-544.
[19]吴国?,覃军干,茅绍智.南海深海相渐新统孢粉记录[J].科学通报,2003,48(17):1868-1871.
[20]Cesar Cainelli.Shelf processes and canyon/channel evolution con-trolling turbidite systems:Examples from the Sergipe-AlagoasBasin,Brazil:GCSSEPM Foundation15th Annual Research Con-ference Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems,Houston,Ameri-ca.December4-7,1994[C/CD].
[21]Galloway W E.Siliciclastic slope and base-of-slope depositionalsystem:Component facies,stratigraphic architecture,and classifi-cation[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(4):569-595.
[22]Pinous O V,Karogodin Y N,Ershov S V,et al.Sequence stratig-raphy,facies,and sea level change of the Hauterivian productivecomplex,Priobskoe Oil Field(West Siveria)[J].AAPG Bulle-tin,1999,83(6):972-989.
[2]李平鲁.珠江口盆地新生代的构造运动[J].中国海上油气(地质),1993,7(6):11-17.
[3]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:1-126.
[4]陈长民,施和生,许仕策,等.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:1-30.
[5]Chen Changmin,Pang Xiong.The deep-water lowstand fan andits exploration potential of Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB):2001World Petroleum Congresses Asia Regional Meeting,Shanghai,2001.9[C/CD].
[6]黄春菊,周蒂,陈长民,等.深反射地震剖面所揭示的白云凹陷的深部地壳结构[J].科学通报,2005,50(10):1024-1031.
[7]陈汉宗,吴湘杰,周蒂,等.珠江口盆地中新生代主要断裂特征和动力背景分析[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(2):52-61.
[8]Peng Dajun,Chen Changmin,Pang Xiong,et al.Discovery ofdeep-water fan system in Pearl River Mouth Basin,South ChinaSea:2003AAPG Annual Convention Poster,Barcelona,2003.09[C/CD].
[9]Pang Xiong,Yang Shaokun,Zhu Ming,et al.The deep-water fansystems and petroleum resource in northern slope of South Chi-na Sea[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(3):626-631.
[10]彭大钧,陈长民,庞雄,等.南海珠江口盆地深水扇系统的发现[J].石油学报,2004,25(5):17-23.
[11]彭大钧,庞雄,陈长民,等.从浅水陆架走向深水陆坡———南海深水扇系统的研究[J].沉积学报,2005,23(1):1-11.
[12]许仕策,陈长民.对应用地震地层、生物地层和层序地层分析方法之回顾[M]∥郝诒纯,徐钰林,许仕策,等.南海珠江口盆地第三纪古生物及古海洋研究.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996:1-9.
[13]黄虑生,钟碧珍.珠江口盆地渐新统—更新统钙质超微化石生物地层事件[J].石油学报,1992,13(2):170-177.
[14]秦国权.微体古生物在珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层学研究中的运用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(4):1-18.
[15]钟广法.海平面变化的原因及结果[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(5):706-712.
[16]Miller K G.The role of ODP in understanding the causes andeffects of global sea level change[J].JOIDES Journal,2002,28(1):23-28.
[17]庞雄,陈长民,施和生,等.相对海平面变化与南海珠江深水扇系统的响应[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):167-177.
[18]邵磊,李献华,汪品先,等.南海渐新世以来构造演化的沉积记录———ODP1148站深海沉积物中的证据[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(4):539-544.
[19]吴国?,覃军干,茅绍智.南海深海相渐新统孢粉记录[J].科学通报,2003,48(17):1868-1871.
[20]Cesar Cainelli.Shelf processes and canyon/channel evolution con-trolling turbidite systems:Examples from the Sergipe-AlagoasBasin,Brazil:GCSSEPM Foundation15th Annual Research Con-ference Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems,Houston,Ameri-ca.December4-7,1994[C/CD].
[21]Galloway W E.Siliciclastic slope and base-of-slope depositionalsystem:Component facies,stratigraphic architecture,and classifi-cation[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(4):569-595.
[22]Pinous O V,Karogodin Y N,Ershov S V,et al.Sequence stratig-raphy,facies,and sea level change of the Hauterivian productivecomplex,Priobskoe Oil Field(West Siveria)[J].AAPG Bulle-tin,1999,83(6):972-989.
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