水驱4D地震监测岩石物理研究综述
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摘要
在前人研究成果的基础上,从Gassmann理论、测井数据以及岩石物理实验3个方面着重对水驱4D地震监测的岩石物理基础进行了分析。基于Gassmann方程的理论计算表明,油气层纵波速度一般低于水层的速度,油水层存在一定的速度差异。来自大庆、胜利以及新疆等地的部分测井资料表明,油层速度略低于水层速度,但这种差异并不明显。部分岩石物理实验测量结果也表明,高孔隙度、高渗透率岩石一般具有饱油纵波速度低于饱水纵波速度的特点;然而,也有相当一部分岩石物理测量结果与4D地震实施的理论基础相抵触。因此,进一步深入细致地开展水驱4D地震监测的岩石物理基础研究是非常必要的。
Rock physics properties of 4-D seismic monito-
ring in water flooding reservoirs are emphatically
studied by comprehensively analyzing previous au-
thors' results from Gassmann equation computation
and logging data analysis and rock physical measure-
ment. The computation results based on Gassmann
equation show that velocities of rocks saturated with
oil and water are different and P-wave velocity of
rock saturated with oil or gas usually is lower than
the velocity of the same rock fully saturated with wa-
ter. The logging data from different oil fields, such
as Daqing, Shengli, Xinjiang and so on, also show
the same velocity regulation, but the velocity differ-
ence is not so obvious. Some laboratorial data from
sandstone with higher porosity and permeability also
show the characteristics, but the other laboratorial
data show opposite velocity regularity to the compu-
tation results from Gassmann equation. Therefore, it
is very necessary for 4D seismic monitoring in water-
flooding reservoirs to research and measure systemi-
cally the rock physical properties.
Rock physics properties of 4-D seismic monito-
ring in water flooding reservoirs are emphatically
studied by comprehensively analyzing previous au-
thors' results from Gassmann equation computation
and logging data analysis and rock physical measure-
ment. The computation results based on Gassmann
equation show that velocities of rocks saturated with
oil and water are different and P-wave velocity of
rock saturated with oil or gas usually is lower than
the velocity of the same rock fully saturated with wa-
ter. The logging data from different oil fields, such
as Daqing, Shengli, Xinjiang and so on, also show
the same velocity regulation, but the velocity differ-
ence is not so obvious. Some laboratorial data from
sandstone with higher porosity and permeability also
show the characteristics, but the other laboratorial
data show opposite velocity regularity to the compu-
tation results from Gassmann equation. Therefore, it
is very necessary for 4D seismic monitoring in water-
flooding reservoirs to research and measure systemi-
cally the rock physical properties.
引文
1 Wang Z.Fundamentals of seismic rock physics[J]. Geophysics, 2001, 66(2) : 398～412
2 Wang Z,Nur A. Velocities in hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon-saturated rocks and sands [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 57~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1987, 374～379
3 Wang Z,Nur A,Batzle M L. Effect of different pore fluids on velocities in rocks[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 58~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1988, 868～871
4 Wans Z,Amos Nur.用地震方法监测热采油过程[J].石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(2) :144～154
5 王新红,李梦庚,李增印,等.稠油岩心纵波速度变化规律的实验研究[J],石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(5) :642～649
6 庄东海.地震属性分析与四维地震方法研究及应用[D].北京:中国地质大学,1999,20～23
7 Gregory A R.对地震解释有重要作用的岩石物性[A].见:牛毓葵,徐怀大,陈俊生,等.地震地层学--在油气勘探中的应用[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1980,14～44
8 Demenico S N. Effect of brine-gas mixture on velocity in an unconsolidated sand reservoir[J]. Geophysics, 1976, 41(5) : 882～894
9 云美厚.油田注水开采地震监测理论研究[J].石油物探,1997,36(3) :46～55
10 云美厚.油藏注水强化开采地震监测技术的研究与应用[D]北京;中国地质大学,2001
11 Seymour R H,King G A,Dunlop K N B,et sl.地震监测海上油田的能力[A].见:范伟粹,韩一伟译.地震勘探在油气田勘探开发中的应用[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1992． 70～78
12 Clark V A. The properties of oil under in-situ conditions and its effect on the seismic properties of rocks[J]. Geo-
13 杨云岭.地震直接找油质疑[J].勘探家,1998,3(1) :56～61
14 King. Wave velocities in rocks as a function of changes in overburden pressure and pore fluid saturants[J]. Geophysics, 1966, 31(1) : 50～73
15 Wyllie M R J, Gardner G H F,Gregory A R Studies of elastic wave attenuation in porous media[J]. Geophysics, 1962, 27(4) : 569～589
16 Gregory A K Fluid saturation effects on dynamic elastic properties of sedimentary rocks[J]. Geophysics, Soc of Expl Geophys, 1976, 41(5) : 895～921
17 杨云岭,韩文功.天然气藏识别与预测技术[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1996． 1～12
18 Winkeler K W. Dispersion Analysis of velocity and Aettenuation in Berea sandstone [J]. Geophys Res,1985, 90 (B8) : 6793～6800
19 韩文功,李红梅,杨云岭,等.济阳拗陷岩心弹性和物性参数的实验测量及分析[J].石油物探,1997,36(1) :21～27
20 黄凯,杨晓海,徐群州,等.高温高压岩心测试参数在准葛尔盆地碳氢监测中的应用[J].石油物探,1998,37(1) :21～30
21 赵发展,蔡敏龙,赛飞雅.高温高压下岩石声波及电阻率实验研究[J].测井技术,1998,22(增刊):3～5
22 沈联蒂,史謌.岩性、含油气性、有效覆盖压力对纵横波速度的影响[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(3) :391～398
2 Wang Z,Nur A. Velocities in hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon-saturated rocks and sands [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 57~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1987, 374～379
3 Wang Z,Nur A,Batzle M L. Effect of different pore fluids on velocities in rocks[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 58~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1988, 868～871
4 Wans Z,Amos Nur.用地震方法监测热采油过程[J].石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(2) :144～154
5 王新红,李梦庚,李增印,等.稠油岩心纵波速度变化规律的实验研究[J],石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(5) :642～649
6 庄东海.地震属性分析与四维地震方法研究及应用[D].北京:中国地质大学,1999,20～23
7 Gregory A R.对地震解释有重要作用的岩石物性[A].见:牛毓葵,徐怀大,陈俊生,等.地震地层学--在油气勘探中的应用[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1980,14～44
8 Demenico S N. Effect of brine-gas mixture on velocity in an unconsolidated sand reservoir[J]. Geophysics, 1976, 41(5) : 882～894
9 云美厚.油田注水开采地震监测理论研究[J].石油物探,1997,36(3) :46～55
10 云美厚.油藏注水强化开采地震监测技术的研究与应用[D]北京;中国地质大学,2001
11 Seymour R H,King G A,Dunlop K N B,et sl.地震监测海上油田的能力[A].见:范伟粹,韩一伟译.地震勘探在油气田勘探开发中的应用[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1992． 70～78
12 Clark V A. The properties of oil under in-situ conditions and its effect on the seismic properties of rocks[J]. Geo-
13 杨云岭.地震直接找油质疑[J].勘探家,1998,3(1) :56～61
14 King. Wave velocities in rocks as a function of changes in overburden pressure and pore fluid saturants[J]. Geophysics, 1966, 31(1) : 50～73
15 Wyllie M R J, Gardner G H F,Gregory A R Studies of elastic wave attenuation in porous media[J]. Geophysics, 1962, 27(4) : 569～589
16 Gregory A K Fluid saturation effects on dynamic elastic properties of sedimentary rocks[J]. Geophysics, Soc of Expl Geophys, 1976, 41(5) : 895～921
17 杨云岭,韩文功.天然气藏识别与预测技术[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1996． 1～12
18 Winkeler K W. Dispersion Analysis of velocity and Aettenuation in Berea sandstone [J]. Geophys Res,1985, 90 (B8) : 6793～6800
19 韩文功,李红梅,杨云岭,等.济阳拗陷岩心弹性和物性参数的实验测量及分析[J].石油物探,1997,36(1) :21～27
20 黄凯,杨晓海,徐群州,等.高温高压岩心测试参数在准葛尔盆地碳氢监测中的应用[J].石油物探,1998,37(1) :21～30
21 赵发展,蔡敏龙,赛飞雅.高温高压下岩石声波及电阻率实验研究[J].测井技术,1998,22(增刊):3～5
22 沈联蒂,史謌.岩性、含油气性、有效覆盖压力对纵横波速度的影响[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(3) :391～398
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